Henry A. Murray Personology - 1969 Words

Henry A. Murray: Personology Personology is the science of people. It is used to interpret and organize the lives of humans. The central ideas of the science must be to understanding of what we mean by the concept person, and for development of methods of understanding the lives of persons as the long unit for psychology (Barresi Juckes 1988 pg 1). It is important to take accounts when studying personology from first person perspective instead of a third person perspective. Henry A. Murray believed that personality psychology had to deal with the life course of person and came up with the word personology (Barresi Juckes 1988). He developed the phrase because he felt that personality psychology was an unwieldy phrase.†¦show more content†¦It has a selfish instinct, an acceptable instinct such as a need for love, achievement, and to be nurtured, and tension reduction is pleasurable. The Ego has defensive functions. It also has promoted expressions of acceptable impulses. Some of the ego functioning ca n be conflict free. The Superego has more emphasis on the Ego-Ideal. The natural tendency of the superego is to get the maximum gratification with minimum anxiety and guilt (Henry Murray: Personology). According to Murray there are two types of Needs: Viscerogenic (internal source) and Psychogenic needs (external source or press).Needs are arranged according to their hierarchy of strength. The strongest of the needs are called Prepotent needs. If needed needs will combine to achieve the same goal. Needs can conflict with one another. According to Murray needs are based on internal influences on behavior. External behaviors are called press. There is an Alpha press and a Beta press. The Alpha Press is the objective characteristic of an object in that environment in comparison with Beta press which is a persons evaluation and perception of that object. Viscerogenic needs include lacks(leading to intakes), Inspiration(of oxygen), food, water, sex lactation, expiration, urination, defecation, sentience(sensuous impressions), distensions(leading to outputs), harms(leading to retractions), noxavoidance, heat and cold avoidance, and harmShow MoreRelatedEssay on Henry A. Murray: Persono logy1888 Words   |  8 Pages Henry A. Murray: Personology nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Personology is the science of people. It is used to interpret and organize the lives of humans. The central ideas of the science must be to â€Å"understanding of what we mean by the concept â€Å"person,† and for development of methods of understanding the lives of persons as the â€Å"long unit for psychology†Ã¢â‚¬  (Barresi amp; Juckes 1988 pg 1). It is important to take accounts when studying personology from first person perspective instead of a thirdRead MoreMaslows and Murrays theories1064 Words   |  5 Pageselement cannot be separated from its system in order to study it. Two of the organismic theorists have developed theories to understand humans’ psychological developments through their needs: Abraham Maslow, with his hierarchy of needs theory; and Henry Murray, and his psychogenic needs theory. They both focused on developing their theories to understand human personality and its development. However dissimilarities are fo und between the two theories, they both share the concept of having steps of developmentsRead MoreEssay about Comparison and Contrast of Maslow and Murray1912 Words   |  8 PagesOrganismic theorists Abraham Maslow and Henry Murray tried to define the psychological developmental growth of humans via their theories of Hierarchy of Needs and Psychogenic Needs, respectively. Although each personality theorist’s idea attempts to define human psychological development there are quite a few dissimilarities between the two concepts; however, as much dissimilarity that may exist between the hierarchy of needs and psychogenic needs, both Maslow and Murray endeavored towards the same goal:Read MorePsychology : Your Super Ego 1092 Words   |  5 PagesConscientiousness is linked to higher GPA, religious faith, quality friendships, and dressing neatly. A recent study showed that more conscientious adolescents to experience stress. Personology and life story perspectives believe that in order to understand a person we must focus on their whole life story. Henry Murray believed that we must study the whole person in order to understand them. He believed we all have unique life experiences that make up our identities. The social cognitive perspective

Petrol Retail Sector Free Essays

string(40) " only react to the market fluctuations\." Abstract The oil industry is a very important part or sector of the world economy and should be developed and taken care of in an appropriate manner. It is certainly one retail sector that has had considerable changes and development in its core business. The industry has continually gained popularity and attracted a lot of interest, which has consequently contributed greatly to the development of economies of the countries that deal in it. We will write a custom essay sample on Petrol Retail Sector or any similar topic only for you Order Now This paper gives the macro-environmental analysis and the market research of the oil industry by utilizing the PESTEL model. However, it is the responsibility of the government to ensure that it creates a favorable environment for the smooth operation of the industry. Introduction The petrol retail sector is certainly one retail sector that has had considerable changes and development in its core business. In recent years, the petroleum industry has attracted a lot of interest. This is an industry that contributes greatly to the development of economies of the countries that deal in it (Fleig, 2005, p89). In the past decade, increases in the price of the commodity brought about a big challenge for the retailers of service stations to run lucrative, sustainable and practical businesses, as the increase in the prices resulted to negative impacts on the volume of sales. The industry’s new entrants and new competition presented by some other retail businesses made changes in the industry necessary. The industry of petroleum has seen the introduction of new businesses at the service stations for the purposes of generating income for the business so as to ensure that there is viability and productivity (Sobel 2008, p42). The propagation of service stations, c ontrolled margins of retailer on volume performance and petrol has all brought concern regarding the individual service station’s survival. The economical effects of the fluctuations in the price crude oil have ultimately affected the retailers as well as motorists. The United Kingdom’s price of petrol depends exclusively on the conditions of the international market. This industry is faced with various challenges and changes. The future uncertainty and unpredictability of the exhaustible resources’ supply, such as crude oil influences the price of the crude oil that the global market experiences (Bushell and Stan 2009, p71). Therefore, the demand for energy puts more pressure on the price as the global economy grows faster. The uncertainty about whether the deregulation of the industry of liquid fuel brings a new dimension to the future of the industry. Some of the giant retailers in the industry include Total, the Royal Dutch Shell, ConocoPhilips and Chevron. This paper is going to look at the risk factors associated with the supply of crude oil derivatives like petrol to the West Dulwich shell filling st ation in London. PESTEL Analysis PESTEL analysis, which stands for Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal, is a description of a framework of the macro-environmental factors that are used in the component of environmental scanning of the strategic management. It is part of the analysis of the external environment when carrying out a market research or doing a strategic analysis, and offers an insight into the various macro-environmental factors that should be taken into account by the organization or company (Fleig 2005, p44) It is a fundamental strategic tool that helps in the understanding of the decline or growth of the market, the position of business and operations direction. The increasing significance of ecological or environmental factors in the initial or early years of the twenty first century have introduced green businesses and facilitated extensive use of an up-to-date version of the framework of the model. The following is the PESTEL analysis of the supply of crude oil de rivatives like petrol to the West Dulwich shell filling station in London: Political effects Crude is among the most needed commodities allover the world. Any amount of change in the price of crude oil can lead to both direct and indirect impact on its derivatives, and consequently on the countries’ economy. The OPEC countries are the principal producers of the crude oil that is used worldwide. Therefore, it means that any policy that is made by the organization or some countries within the organization regarding the prices of crude oil will greatly affect the supply of petrol and diesel to the service station (Sobel, 2008, p.34). Any decision taken by the countries within the organization, for instance raising or reducing the prices of crude oil may definitely affect the level of price of the petrol and diesel in the global community markets. Political stability within the countries that produce crude oil is also essential to its availability and also influences its prices to a great deal. For instance, a lot of the crude oil is produced by the countries in the Middle East, and if there is conflict in the region, the drilling of oil will be affected. Lack of political stability such as war or terrorism in the Greenwich region, and even pirates might make it difficult for the products to reach the petrol station due to fear by the suppliers, or even damage to the tankers. Economic effects Demand and supply is balanced by the global oil inventories. If the production of crude oil exceeds its demand, the surplus product can be kept. When the consumption is higher than the demand for the product, then inventories can be tapped so as to be in a position of meeting the rise in demand, and the connection between the prices of oil and the inventories of oil enables correction in both directions (Risk Analysis in Oil Refining Sector, 2008). The supply of crude oil by countries that are not members of OPEC stands at sixty percent of the total oil produced in the world. However, even though their supply is fifty percent more that that of the OPEC community, they do not have adequate reserves to enable them control the prices in the market and can only react to the market fluctuations. You read "Petrol Retail Sector" in category "Essay examples" On the other hand, the OPEC community has the ability of directly influencing the price of crude oil in the market. This is particularl y when the supply of the oil that is produced by the countries that are not members of the community goes down. When the demand for petrol and diesel is high in the Greenwhich region, there will be scramble for available oil thus reducing the supply. This problem can be solved by building adequate reserves for storing the product so that the supply to clients can remain steady when the supply from the source reduces. The cost of production is also another important factor in determining the price of oil within the global market. If the cost of extracting oil and its eventual refining is too high, it means that the prices will also go high, but if it does not cost much to produce it, the prices will go down significantly. It also requires a lot of finances and resources to discover more oil locations and to develop as well as maintain them. If the funds and resources are available, there would be more discoveries of oil production sites and the quantity produces and supplied to the final consumer will be large (Simmons, 2005, p.23). If there are no funds together with the resources to enable expansion of the production, the supply will go down and the prices will rise, thus making it difficult for the service station to acquire it. The brokers of oil servers the link between sellers and buyers of the product, and do contract trading for future oil delivery referred to as ‘futures.’ Consumers buy futures for hedging against the increases in the prices of oil that could considerably impact their profitability. Producers of oil sell the contracts of oil futures so as to lock in a price for a particular period and the brokers buy oil futures to give promise of future delivery of the product as a given price. This implies that the oil brokers play a significant role in determining the price of oil in the global market because they are the link between the buyers and the sellers (Anderson and Marhadour, 2007, p.102). Social effects Human populations in the region can also affect the supply because the demand will be high. The population in the Greenwich region is too high and the demand for petrol and diesel may raise, hence the supply decreasing (Fleig, 2005, p.65). Frequent strikes by the tanker drives may also affect the supply because there will be no one to bring the products to the service station. The need to observe laws such us the employment of high qualified, and not to employ underage drivers, but who may be qualified may lead to lack of enough drivers to do the work of transportation. The law also sets a minimum wage for the workers and this would affect the supply of petrol and diesel because there might not be enough funds to employ many drivers to transport the products. Technological effects The world of today depends almost exclusively on technology, and exercises such as the drilling of oil requires high levels of it. The equipment used for the process is very sophisticated as they are required to dig deep into the ground and fetch the oil. The oil companies also need to ensure that proper equipment are put in place to avoid things such a soil spillage which can be hazardous to the environment and also cause losses (Anderson and Marhadour, 2007, p.108). This equipment are very expensive and the oil companies are forced to use a lot of money to ensure that all the technological requirements are employed so that production can be enhances and risks reduced as much as possible. When all these production costs are factored in the whole process of production, the final price in the market becomes high. The need to have the latest technology at the service stations such as epos automation systems raises the cost of operation. Environmental effects In the few past years, the international community has experiences a number of events that have consequently had great influence on the prices of crude oil. Such events include the Hurricane Katrina and some other kinds of tropical cyclone that have struck a significant part of the globe. This resulted in the prices of oil going up by a very huge percentage, which makes it difficult to acquire it in large quantities. Excessive drilling of oil by some oil companies has led to the exhaustion of the sources as well as environmental degradation. This has led to some governments such as that of the United States of America and United Kingdom to prohibiting the exploration in some regions (Black, 2012, p.82). The major aim of these policies is to preserve the resources so as to ensure that there is continuity or sustainability. When these policies are put in place, the quantity of oil produced reduces, thus demand exceeding supply, which consequently forces the prices to go up. Nonetheless, these policies that are introduced by the governments, which aims at limiting the extraction of oil exerts a lot of pressure on the companies that produce oil to not only finding ways of increasing efficiency, but also finding alternative sources of fuel. These initiatives are very slow and difficult because of the considerable financing required energy and time that go into things like researching and production of such products. More so, when an alternative sources of energy is introduced into the market, there is a substantial time lag in which the designing and production of new products that are compatible is done (Beamish, 2006, p.88). It then can take even more time for the clients to know about the existence or availability of the products and be willing to make investments in them. Extreme weather conditions also affect the production of the crude oil. For instance, when there is a lot of rain, it becomes very difficult to access the sites of oil drilling. The machines that are used in the process of drilling oil might also be damaged by the unfavorable weather or their operation may just be affected. This makes it difficult for the crude oil to be produced in large quantities, thus forcing the prices to rise (Bushell, and Stan, 2009). Legal effects Different countries have different requirements for one to be allowed to start and operate a business. The same case applies to the ownership of a service station as well as the oil companies. If the requirements by the government are too strict, there will be a few suppliers in the market, and in turn the price of fuel will rise (Assilzadeh, and Yang, 2010, p.240). Conclusion The oil industry is a very important part or sector of the world economy that should be developed and taken care of in an appropriate manner. Problems such as strikes should be avoided by timely payment so that supply can remain steady. The company should invest in the latest technology that is related to the business to ensure fast delivery of petrol and diesel. Proper plans should also be put in place to ensure that the costs of production and operation of oil companies are reduces and the legal requirements made as flexible as possible. To avoid shortages in supply due to political factors, the company should not depend on a single source of supply, specifically from the OPEC countries. This problem can also help by ensuring that the Greenwich region is safe for any kind of business and the petrol station should also consider using oil pipelines as opposed to tankers. References (2008, 12). Risk Analysis in Oil Refining Sector. StudyMode.com. Retrieved 12, 2008, from http://www.studymode.com/essays/Risk-Analysis-In-Oil-Refining-Sector-185467.html Akkartal, A., and F. Sunar, 2008, ‘The usage of radar images in oil spill detection. The International Archives of the Photgrammetry.’ Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 37, no. Part B8: 271-76. Anderson, A, and Marhadour A, 2007, ‘Slick PRThe media politics of the Prestige oil spill.’ Science Communication 29, no. 1: 96-115. Assilzadeh, H, and Yang G, 2010, ‘Designation of an interactive oil spill management system.’ Disaster Prevention and Management 19, no. 2: 233-42. Beamish, T D, 2006, Silent Spill: The Organization of an Industrial Crisis. London: MIT Press. Black, B C, 2012, Crude Reality: Petroleum in World History. New York: Rowman Littlefield. Bushell, S, and Stan J, 2009, The Spill: Personal Stories from the Exxon Valdez Disaster. AK: Epicenter Press. Fleig, F, 2005, Oil Empire: Visions of Prosperity in Austrian Galicia (Harvard Historical Studies). Harvard University Press. Simmons, S, 2005, Twilight in the Desert The Coming Saudi Oil Shock and the World Economy, John Wiley Sons. Sobel R, 2008, The Money Manias: The Eras of Great Speculation in America, Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press (Rowman Littlefield). Yeomans, M, 2006, Oil: Anatomy of an Industry, New Press. How to cite Petrol Retail Sector, Essay examples

Brand Management Retailing in International Markets

Question: Discribe about the Brand Management for Retailing in International Markets. Answer: Introduction Brand strategy is a long-term strategy for developing a successful brand for achieving specific goals. A brand strategy of an organization helps in reinforcing positioning in the market (Lerman 2013). The aim of this report is to compare two global consumer brands of retail and technology categories. A general contrast and comparison is made between the two brands. The brand equity, cultural resonance and competitive strategy of both the brands are considered. The two organizations chosen for formulating a brand marketing strategy are Apple and Tesco. Apple was founded in the year 1976 as a major technological advancement (Lusted 2012). It is an American multinational corporation that designs and manufactures consumer electronics such as desktops, laptops, tablet, mobiles and various other gadgets (Lusted 2012). Tesco Plc is a British retail grocery and general merchandise retailer with a mission of helping the customers enjoy better quality of life. They help the shoppers everyday t o meet the needs of people and act responsibly for the communities (Tesco plc 2016). Brand Analysis Brand Equity According to the figures, the brand value of Apple in the year 2015 was $M 246,992 (Wpp.com 2015). The brand value changed 67% than the figures of 2014 (Wpp.com 2015). The home country, America had the biggest market for Apple (Popper 2015). However, according to the reports, Greater China showed a positive growth up to 71% in the year 2015 (Popper 2015). The Chinese New Year celebration led to rise in such figures in China (Popper 2015). The reports suggest that Tesco is UKs top retail store. However, according to the annual BrandZ index, Tescos brand value declined to $9.4 million in the year 2015 (Davidson 2015). Tesco is one of the biggest supermarkets in UK (Davidson 2015). Consumer Cultural Resonance According to perceptions and history, China has not been the friendliest country for American brands. Apple is selling its products at a greater price in China instead of cheaper. Chinese have a cost-conscious culture but they are making room for the unique Apple products due to its quality (Panzarino 2011). The lifestyle of Malaysians for shopping is ever growing. The tools of advertising are well advertised by the retailers. Therefore, the retailers intend to understand the needs of Malaysians and provide a unique shopping experience to the customers (Chan 2011). Brand Positioning Apple follows a single brand positioning as a luxury brand in the global market with one size fits all strategy (Hovivian 2014). It has tightly controlled narrative, metered supply and premium pricing makes it a premium brand globally (Frick and Berinato 2014). India is the worlds second large smartphone market in which Apple uses premium brand positioning. The one strategy fits all market model is applied in which the main challenge is to lock more consumers. There is a need to strengthen the distribution network in smaller cities. There is a delicate balance of premium branding with customer-friendly pricing (Rai 2013). Tesco is a brand for the consumers looking for value and who are greatly quality conscious. Tesco offers a wide range of products and attracts a specific customer segment. The organization also positions itself as price positioning by attracting specific target segments. Products sold via functional positioning are generally more expensive compared to Tescos basic range of products, since higher quality and enhanced functionality can only be achieved for additional costs (Perkins 2015). Competitive Strategy Apple follows premium pricing strategy and product differentiation. Apple uses minimum advertised price or MAP for prohibiting sellers to sell Apple products below a certain minimum price. In China, Apple follows cost innovation and product innovation for maintaining competition (Nielson 2014). According to Perkins (2015), Tesco does not have a material leg up on its peers. The competitors have a strong hold in the market. However, its loyalty programs are a significant advantage over other competitors. The convenient locations of the stores are add-ons. It runs campaigns for fresh and easy food that helps them in gaining advantage. PESTLE Analysis Apple Inc. Political Apple is mostly dependent in China for the manufacturing of lower cost materials (Sandoval 2015). However, there has been threat of restricting the imports in the US from China as a mark of an effort by the US Government to boost the manufacturing process within the country. Moreover, the cost of finding alternatives of the low cost Chinese products could be very high for the company. Thus, this political unrest could increase the cost of manufacturing within the country. Economic There has been evidence of the increase in the labor costs in China which could act as one of the threats for Apple that could take way the cost advance of some of the products of the company (David, Dorn and Hanson 2013). Moreover, the increment in the strength of the US Dollars in the market could increase in the exchange rates which in turn, could be more expensive for the company to conduct business in the Chinese market. Social The close association of the company with China could also offend the potential customers in the country if the tensions in the country rises (Liu and Berkowitz 2014). Moreover, the manufacturing of the products of Apple in China could give rise to ethical concerns which could limit appeal of the products of the company among the social conscious consumers. Technological With the rolling out of the Android play with the Apple play having the same capabilities, then signature services of Apple are found to be no longer unique such that the competitors of the company including Samsung and Google have stronger capabilities to duplicate the services and products of Apple (Rempel 2015). Environment One of the biggest issues that the company has been facing is the environmental issue related to the disposal of the non working or used electronic devices (Cole 2015). Moreover, the pollution and the related environment side effects are also the main concerns is the manufacturing facilities in China. This situation could lead to higher manufacturing costs and increased regulation for Apple at the near future. Legal Apple is dependent on a wide variety of products for much of its income including music and software which are governed by the intellectual property laws. Moreover, its financial service sector, Apple Pay is highly regulated and thus, entering into the Chinese market could increase the insurance, regulatory and litigation costs for the company in the long run (Liu, Kauffman and Ma 2015). Tesco Plc Political Tesco is operating in a globalized platform where the business performs of the company has been highly influenced by the legislative and political conditions of the countries in which it is operating including Malaysia and other EU countries (Alexander 2013). The government of the countries has been encouraging the retailers for providing job opportunities in order to meet the demand from the population inclined the students, senior citizens and working individuals. Economic The economic factor is one of the major concerns for the company as it is most likely to influence the demand, profits, costs and prices for the company. The developing countries like Malaysia have been experiencing the high un-employability which is decreasing the demand of the various products or goods and has been adversely affecting the demand of the same in the market (Awang et al. 2015). Social The current trends indicate that the customers are preferring bulk shopping and one stop purchasing owing to a variety of social changes (Fernie 2013). As the population in Malaysia is aging rapidly, the decline in the home meal preparation and the increase in the female workers have lead the company to focus on the supply chain, share of business mix and other operational improvements for driving the costs out of the business. Technological One of the major macro-environment variables for the company is the technology that has been influencing the development of its products. In order to make the shopping experience more soothing for its customers, the company has been utilizing the latest technology wireless devices, self check out machine, intelligent scale, electronic shelf labelling and Radio frequency identification (Chapagain and Ahokangas 2015). Environment The company has been pressing emphasis on the global warming and the related consequences being associated with it. With the average temperature around the globe being increasing exponentially, the company needs to emphasize on an eco-friendly business practices which could lead it to higher environmental sustainability (O'Neill and Smith 2014). Thus, in order to implement the same, the company has been implementing various measures with the main objective to protect the environment. Legal As the company markets a wide variety of predicts and services, there are a number of laws governing the business processes of the company. According to the FRC (Food Retailing Commission), the company should be implementing a code of practice including the banning of the current practices such as changing agreed prices, demanding payments from the suppliers as well (Ward, A.M., Judith and Hamill 2013). The company has also been offering price reduction on fuel purchases such that to implement the politically correct pricing policies in the countries like Malaysia. Brand Strategy and Recommendations Certain factors reduce the performance of Apple. There is aggressive competition in the market. Apple needs to have strong fundamentals for retaining its position in the market. The local and regional firms imitate Apples products that could be a threat to the product design. The rising cost in China can reduce the profit margins and increase costs. Apple has a significant opportunity for its distribution of network. An expanded strategy can help in reaching more customers in the same time. Apple can consider exploring new product lines that can lead to their success. Developing new product lines can lead to company success despite aggressive competition. Apple can consider introducing new product lines and quality for the middle class consumers who prefer low priced goods. Apple currently targets only the premium segment consumers. It can also extend its product lines for the economical customers. Be obsessed with the user experience. The company must make the product look good inside and out (in design conception, this can mean starting with the look feel). The user experience needs a healthy combination between aesthetics and functionality. Apple does not use promotional programs for advertising. It should use programs that can help in differentiating its products from others while maintaining premium prices. Apple can also enhance its reach through direct stores. Tesco can consider expanding its retail stores by opening convenience stores. These stores can be opened at every few kilometres. Tesco can set up and invest small stores and online sales stores. Each convenience store can be opened with a wide selection of items that would offer ease and convenience to the consumers. The convenience stores can help in overtaking the supermarket concept. Tesco can gain customer loyalty and increase its sales. Tesco can focus on non-food products to hold a dominant position on the market. Tesco can also encourage online shopping to shift according to the consumer tastes and preferences. Tesco makes sure that it satisfies all the requirements and prospects of its customers. Conclusion Conclusively, Apple and Tesco must plan strategies for efficient branding. The lifestyle of Malaysians for shopping is ever growing. Tesco Plc is a British retail grocery and general merchandise retailer with a mission of helping the customers enjoy better quality of life. The tools of advertising are well advertised by the retailers. Apple follows one strategy fits all market model in which the main challenge is to lock more consumers. Tesco is a brand for the consumers looking for value and who are greatly quality conscious. Apple is mostly dependent in China for the manufacturing of lower cost materials. The close association of the company with China could also offend the potential customers in the country if the tension in the country rises. One of the biggest issues that the company has been facing is the environmental issue related to the disposal of the non working or used electronic devices. Apple can consider introducing new product lines and quality for the middle class co nsumers who prefer low priced goods. Tesco can set up and invest small stores and online sales stores. Tesco makes sure that it satisfies all the requirements and prospects of its customers. References Alexander, N., 2013. Retailing in international markets, 19002010: A response to Godley and Hang's Globalisation and the evolution of international retailing: A comment on Alexander's British overseas retailing, 19001960. Business History, 55(2), pp.302-312. Awang-Hashim, R., Lim, H.E., Yatim, B., TENGKU ARIFFIN, T.F., Zubairi, A.M., Yon, H. and Osman, O., 2015. Estimating A Prediction Model For The Early Identification Of Low Employability Graduates In Malaysia. The Singapore Economic Review, 60(04), p.1550027. Chan, R., 2011.Mall Culture and Identity in Malaysia - The Socjourn. [online] The Socjourn. Available at: https://www.sociology.org/mall-culture-identity-malaysia/ [Accessed 4 Jul. 2016]. Chapagain, B. and Ahokangas, P., 2015. RETAIL BUSINESS MODEL TRANSFORMATION IN MULTICHANNEL ENVIRONMENT. Cole, N.L., 2015. 19 Tracing the Environmental Impact of Apple. Media Education for a Digital Generation, p.261. David, H., Dorn, D. and Hanson, G.H., 2013. The China syndrome: Local labor market effects of import competition in the United States. The American Economic Review, 103(6), pp.2121-2168. Davidson, L., 2015.Aldi's brand is now worth more than Tesco's. [online] Telegraph.co.uk. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/11632767/Aldis-brand-is-now-worth-more-than-Tescos.html [Accessed 4 Jul. 2016]. Fernie, J., 2013. Distribution strategies of European retailers. Logistics Information Management. Frick, W. and Berinato, S., 2014.Apple: Luxury Brand or Mass Marketer?. [online] Harvard Business Review. Available at: https://hbr.org/2014/10/apple-luxury-brand-or-mass-marketer [Accessed 2 Jul. 2016]. Hovivian, F., 2014.Globalization: Apples One-Size-Fits-All Approach - Brand Quarterly. [online] Brand Quarterly. Available at: https://www.brandquarterly.com/globalization-apples-one-size-fits-approach [Accessed 2 Jul. 2016]. Lerman, S., 2013.Building Better Brands: A Comprehensive Guide to Brand Strategy and Identity Development. New York: Wiley. Liu, J., Kauffman, R.J. and Ma, D., 2015. Competition, cooperation, and regulation: Understanding the evolution of the mobile payments technology ecosystem. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 14(5), pp.372-391. Liu, Z. and Berkowitz, D., 2014. Where is our Steve Jobs? A case study of consumerism and neo-liberal media in China. Journalism, 15(8), pp.1006-1022. Lusted, M., 2012.Apple. Minneapolis, MN: ABDO Pub. Nielson, S., 2014.Apple's premium pricing strategy and product differentiation - Market Realist. [online] Marketrealist.com. Available at: https://marketrealist.com/2014/02/apples-premium-pricing-strategy-product-differentiation/ [Accessed 4 Jul. 2016]. O'Neill, S.J. and Smith, N., 2014. Climate change and visual imagery. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 5(1), pp.73-87. Panzarino, M., 2011.How Apple has found success in China, and why it's just the beginning.. [online] The Next Web. Available at: https://thenextweb.com/apple/2011/09/05/how-apple-has-found-success-in-china-and-why-its-just-the-beginning/#gref [Accessed 2 Jul. 2016]. Panzarino, M., 2011.How Apple has found success in China, and why it's just the beginning.. [online] The Next Web. Available at: https://thenextweb.com/apple/2011/09/05/how-apple-has-found-success-in-china-and-why-its-just-the-beginning/#gref [Accessed 2 Jul. 2016]. Perkins, K., 2015. Tesco Has No Competitive Advantage, say Analysts. [online] MorningstarUK. Available at: https://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/news/141071/tesco-has-no-competitive-advantage-say-analysts.aspx [Accessed 4 Jul. 2016]. Popper, B., 2015.Apple's second biggest market is now China, not Europe. [online] The Verge. Available at: https://www.theverge.com/2015/4/27/8505063/china-is-now-apples-second-biggest-market [Accessed 2 Jul. 2016]. Rai, S., 2013.In India, Apple is facing the classic dilemma of pricing vs. brand image - TechRepublic. [online] TechRepublic. Available at: https://www.techrepublic.com/blog/asian-technology/in-india-apple-is-facing-the-classic-dilemma-of-pricing-vs-brand-image/ [Accessed 2 Jul. 2016]. Rempel, J., 2015. Comparing the Accessibility and Screen Enhancement Features of Google Android Lollipop 5.0 and Apple iOS 8.1. 1 for People with Low Vision. Sandoval, M., 2015. Foxconned labour as the dark side of the information age: working conditions at Apples contract manufacturers in China. In Marx in the Age of Digital Capitalism (pp. 350-395). Brill. Tesco plc, 2016.Core Purpose and Values. [online] Tesco plc. Available at: https://www.tescoplc.com/about-us/core-purpose-and-values/ [Accessed 4 Jul. 2016]. Ward, A.M., Judith, W. and Hamill, P., 2013. Evolution of Corporate Governance Reports in the UK and Ireland. In Encyclopedia of Corporate Social Responsibility (pp. 1111-1120). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Wpp.com, 2015.Apple reclaims title of worlds most valuable brand - WPP. [online] Wpp.com. Available at: https://www.wpp.com/wpp/press/2015/may/27/apple-overtakes-google-for-the-top-spot-in-the-10th-annual-brandz-top-100-brands-ranking/ [Accessed 2 Jul. 2016].

Quebec Essays (1148 words) - French Language In Canada,

Quebec Quebec Canada is one of the most unique and diversified countries in the world. It consists of ten provinces and two territories. All parts of Canada are interesting and contain important details to them, however, Quebec's political situation is the most controvercial of all. In all other parts of Canada, the main spoken language is english and it creates no problem amongst its settlers in each province. In Quebec, the situation differs. There is twenty four percent of a french population in all of canada, and this population resides mainly in Quebec. this creates a issue between the French and the English settlers because the English want the spoken language to stay english, but the majority french population want it to be french. Due to the minority of french speakers in all of canada, french is at a minority. In Quebec, their is a french majority of settlers and because of that, the french are taking their dominating situation and trying to create a french country on its own seperated from the rest of Canada. The follwing essay will include the history of the politocal situation in Quebec. The situation of Quebec can be best explained as the evolution of two nations. This conflict goes back two hundred years ago to the English conquest. Both Britain and France established colonies in Northern America in the seventeenth century. In seventeen hundred and fifty nine, British forces had a victory led by general Wolfe and this ended French colonialism in Northern America, yet problems persisted because the French still resided in these areas. New France stayed part of the British Empire and they lived within their own laws and language and were aloud to practice Catholicism. Due to being placed as a minority, the French refused to assimilate and thus, problems began. During the American Revolutionary war, thousands of English speaking people came to these British colonies and this made Quebec an English speaking province. In order to seperate the English form the French, upper and lower Canada was created. English dominance was marked, and the French were mainly farners. In eighteen hundred and thirty seven, a rebellion took place to make French assimilate into English society, but the French at the same time wanted independence from Canada and did not like that idea at all. The rebellion failed. During the confederation, federal systems were introduced in eighteen hundred and sixty seven, and this isolated Quebec from the rest of canada. Quebec had bilingualism instituted, however, French speakers were forced to use the english language and the English didn't have to use the French language. French schools and other institutions becane vital for French speakers. In the nineteen hundreds, Quebec was sixty percent rural and by nineteen hundred and thirty one, it was sixty three percent urbanized. This created a bigger problem for the French because all the jobs went mainly to the English speakers. By nineteen hundred and sixty, French speakers were the most poorly paid workers and their standards of living were the lowest too. The French had to learn the english language in order to survive living in Quebec, and the english could pretty much ignore the French because they didn't need them. It was the Quiet Revolution in nineteen hundred and sixty that transformed the lives of French speakers. The changes that occured, redefined the role of the Government. The state became the instrument for change. Things like health, welfare and education became a concern for Quebec. This marked the end to the anglophone control of the important segments of the economy. In nineteen hundred and seventy, a huge transformation occured, Parti Quebecois came to rise. The French felt the only way they had to control their destiny was to create a notion that Quebec should seperate from the rest of Canada. A man named Rene Levesque created the Parti Quebecois wanting liberation. He created the notion for sovereignty association sayong Quebec will still have close ties to Canada, yet be a seperate nation. Before the election of which party was to be in power, parti Quebecois decided that if they were elected, they would create a referendum in which people will have to chose to either agree to seperation

How To Write Faster, Even If You Procrastinate - CoSchedule

How To Write Faster, Even If You Procrastinate My friend has a T-shirt that has a logo from the University of Procrastination, which proudly claims to train tomorrows leaderstomorrow.  Or maybe the day after. Procrastination seems like such an ideal solution for creating a better today. Of course, that means the next day is rushed, stressful, and panic-ridden, so its not that great of a solution.  Not every writer is a procrastinator, though. Some are very orderly and regimented. Some are super-focused on being productive.  Whichever kind of writer you might be, you all have something in common: youd like to be able to write faster. Get more writing done, in less time.  Youd like to have a system for writing blog posts that works every time. And youd like to fine tune your editing procedures so you get a great post, from start to finish, in as little time as possible. The Procrastinators Guide To Getting More Writing Done In Less Time #ContentMarketingTheres a way to do it, no matter whether your style is to put off until tomorrow or to drown in to-do lists. Its just a matter of you finding a tailor-made solution to your style of working. How Procrastinating Writers Should Work Just today I finally checked an item off of my highly vague To Do Eventually list, an item I had put on the list more than a year ago. I tried to make myself feel less guilty by titling the list with eventually but  really.  A year. It took me a year to do it. That stupid task had been nibbling at my conscience, as writer  James Surowiecki aptly put it. Lets get one thing clear: procrastination isnt bad. We assume it is, because it puts us in a high-stress rushed state when its finally time to pay the piper for deadline projects;  but procrastination is merely another working style, and not merely an example of a bad working style. Lets get one thing clear: procrastination isnt bad. Guilt-ridden procrastinators (of which I am one, and terribly) spend much of the time they arent doing their work reading about how to stop procrastinating. They look for methods to be more productive, to be the early bird that gets things done in a flash and cant stop checking things off of the list. They buy books, organizers, and apps. And still procrastinate. And are frustrated. There are two ways to approach your procrastination: fight it or work with it. Working with your procrastination. In a broad sense, procrastination has a funny way of getting our priorities straight. Look at your to-do lists. How many of them did you start with specific tasks that had specific dates until, in your eagerness, things got a little out of hand and soon you had a massive list of things you ought to do and should do and might do? Procrastination has a way of helping us not get caught up in what we subconsciously determine is unimportant. Procrastination allows perfectionists to get things done by forcing them to do adequate work under self-induced deadline pressure when they otherwise would be unable to do any work. Procrastination can keep us from fixating on things that are unimportant.In that sense, it is good procrastination. It keeps us from sweating the small stuff. The unimportant things eventually disappear if you never do them. As long as your procrastination has you meeting deadlines and getting the big stuff done, its helping you out. My solution is to use triage rubrics in different areas of life, and to hold my to-do list up against the rubric. For example, in my personal life, family always trumps work. In my work life, client deadlines before tweaking my own website. This is an over-simplification, but I know that if I have these ingrained, I dont fret about the things I procrastinated on that fall into the category of unimportant. Create your own rubric. Start at the top with the thing that will get you into serious trouble if it isnt finished and go back from there. Train your mind to understand what is important. You should work with your procrastination instead of fighting it if: You make to-do lists that are massive and full of unimportant tasks. You have not missed deadlines. You are getting important things done. Fighting your procrastination. Of course, there are times when procrastination is a bad idea, such as putting off paying your taxes and ending up with a penalty because of it. If youre missing deadlines or feeling high levels of stress because everything feels last minute, thats bad procrastination. These undone things dont disappear, they get worse. For writers, bad procrastination means you dont have time to proof and edit properly. You have to constantly deal with reminders and demands of clients wonder why your work isnt submitted. Your work and reputation suffers. This is where the  Zeigarnik effect  comes into play. Bluma Zeigarnik was a psychologist from Lithuania who noticed that restaurant servers could remember large amounts of information (without writing it down) for a limited period of time. Once the food was delivered to the table, servers forgot it all entirely. Through studies Zeigarnik learned that we remember interrupted tasks better than non-interrupted tasks. For procrastinators, this is good news. Once we start a task, we gain focus. This is helped if we arent interrupted. The Zeigarnik effect reveals that starting anywhere on the task is the path to getting it done, even if its with an easy part.  When we allow distractions and interruptions, that unfinished saved-for-later task nags at us relentlessly until we finish it. Start small.If you are procrastinating on writing a post, start with a small thing first. Begin collecting reference links and doing research. Brainstorm ideas. Try free writing techniques just to get text on the screen. Go where you wont be interrupted. Think of the restaurant server. You cant bring the food to the table until youve taken the order and delivered the beverages. Start easy.If getting started is proving impossible, try the  Pomodoro technique. Break up your work into 25-minute timed segments with a five-minute break in between. After four work periods, take a 20 minute break. Once you get in that writing zone skip the breaks and go with it. This way, you know at the start you get breaks and you can ease into the project. How List-Oriented  Writers Should Work A great chef or line cook knows what  mise-en-place  is. It means that before you even begin cooking, you have your station ordered with everything where it belongs. This way, when the rush begins, you are not scrambling for tools and ingredients. As a pastry chef, before I started actually making a recipe, I always got the tools and ingredients together first. It kept me from wasting precious time in a busy day, and it also kept me from starting something and discovering we were out of eggs halfway through. Writer Ron Friedman describes the concept aptly: the single most important ingredient of any dish is planning. This concept appeals to writers who like to make lists. To-do lists, idea lists, project lists, supply lists, editorial calendar liststhese are the people who want things in order. These are the people who are constantly planning. Friedman applies mise-en-place to any kind of work, asking a great question: what is the first thing you do when you start work? Do you check your email? Your Twitter feed? Your analytics from yesterdays blog post? Your voice mail?  These are activities that, according to Friedman, put you into a reactive mode. They make us lose our focus, and let other peoples priorities take center stage, Friedman said. They are the equivalent of entering a kitchen and looking for a spill to clean or a pot to scrub. Begin your day with a brief planning session. An intellectual mise-en-place. Ron Friedman Youre not in a good place to write after youve started with these activities, but instead youre in that no-win zone of reacting and catching up. The truth is, the emails never stop rolling in, the tweets dont stop chirping, and yesterdays analytics can be analyzed later. And people who make lists are prone to starting the day reactively. Or, I should say, people who make lists without hierarchy are prone to starting the day reactively.  Your lists of things to do will hamper you if you do not structure them with the idea of mise-en-place. How do you make a list that works? 1. Small tasks, action words. David Allen, of the well-known Get Things Done system, suggests that you break down  your tasks on your to-do lists, and start the smaller components with action verbs. Instead of: Blog post due try Write 15 headlines. Find 5 outside resources. Write introduction. Outline blog structure. Write first draft. Blog post due isnt mise-en-place. Its we have knives somewhere in the kitchen. Its vague. It tells you a deadline, and not what to do. 2. Prioritize your tasks. Your willpower is at its greatest in the morning. This means that you should  prioritize the things you have to do (not react to) by scheduling them first, in the morning. Leave the easier, less mentally challenging tasks for later. You can answer emails in the afternoon, when your mind is slowing down a bit, but youd better use that morning mental acuity for writing your content.

Uranium in a Nutshell

Uranium in a Nutshell Uranium is an extremely heavy metal, but instead of sinking into the Earths core it is concentrated on the surface. Uranium is found almost exclusively in the Earths continental crust, because its atoms dont fit in the crystal structure of the minerals of the mantle. Geochemists consider uranium one of the incompatible elements, more specifically a member of the large-ion lithophile element or LILE group. Its average abundance, over the whole continental crust, is a bit less than 3 parts per million. Uranium never occurs as bare metal; rather, it most often occurs in oxides as the minerals uraninite (UO2) or pitchblende (partially oxidized uraninite, conventionally given as U3O8). In solution, uranium travels in molecular complexes with carbonate, sulfate and chloride as long as the chemical conditions are oxidizing. But under reducing conditions, uranium drops out of solution as oxide minerals. This behavior is the key to uranium prospecting. Uranium deposits mainly occur in two geologic settings, a relatively cool one in sedimentary rocks and a hot one in granites. Sedimentary Uranium Deposits Because uranium moves in solution under oxidizing conditions and drops out under reducing conditions, it tends to gather where oxygen is absent, such as in black shales and other rocks rich in organic material. If oxidizing fluids move in, they mobilize the uranium and concentrate it along the front of the moving fluid. The famous roll-front uranium deposits of the Colorado Plateau are of this type, dating from the last few hundred million years. The uranium concentrations are not very high, but they are easy to mine and process. The great uranium deposits of northern Saskatchewan, in Canada, are also of sedimentary origin but with a different scenario of much greater age. There an ancient continent was deeply eroded during the Early Proterozoic Era some 2 billion years ago, then was covered by deep layers of sedimentary rock. The unconformity between the eroded basement rocks and overlying sedimentary basin rocks is where chemical activity and fluid flows concentrated uranium into orebodies reaching 70 percent purity. The Geological Association of Canada has published a thorough exploration of these unconformity-associated uranium deposits with full details of this still-mysterious process. At roughly the same time in geologic history, a sedimentary uranium deposit in present-day Africa actually grew concentrated enough that it ignited a natural nuclear reactor, one of Earths neatest tricks. Granitic Uranium Deposits As large bodies of granite solidify, the trace amounts of uranium become concentrated in the last bits of fluid left. Especially at shallow levels, these may fracture and invade surrounding rocks with metal-bearing fluids, leaving veins of ore. More episodes of tectonic activity can concentrate these further, and the worlds largest uranium deposit is one of these, a hematite breccia complex at Olympic Dam in South Australia. Good specimens of uranium minerals are found in the final stage of granite solidification- the veins of large crystals and unusual minerals called pegmatites. There may be found cubic crystals of uraninite, black crusts of pitchblende and plates of uranium-phosphate minerals such as torbernite (Cu(UO2)(PO4)2Â ·8–12H2O). Silver, vanadium and arsenic minerals are also common where uranium is found. Pegmatite uranium is not worth mining today, because the ore deposits are small. But they are where the good mineral specimens are found. The radioactivity of uranium affects the minerals around it. If you are examining a pegmatite, these signs of uranium include blackened fluorite, blue celestite, smoky quartz, golden beryl and red-stained feldspars. Also, chalcedony that contains uranium is intensely fluorescent with a yellow-green color. Uranium in Commerce Uranium is prized for its enormous energy content, which can be harnessed to generate heat in nuclear reactors or unleashed in nuclear explosives. The Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and other international agreements govern traffic in uranium to ensure that it is used only for civilian purposes. World trade in uranium amounts to more than 60,000 metric tons, all of it accounted for under international protocols. The largest producers of uranium are Canada, Australia and Kazakhstan. The price of uranium has fluctuated with the fortunes of the nuclear power industry and the military needs of various countries. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, large stores of enriched uranium have been diluted and sold as nuclear fuel under the Highly Enriched Uranium Purchase Agreement, which kept prices low through the 1990s. As of about 2005, however, prices have been climbing and prospectors are out in the field again for the first time in a generation. And with renewed attention on nuclear power as a zero-carbon energy source in the context of global warming, it is time to become familiar again with uranium.

Children should not be Educated at Home Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Children should not be Educated at Home - Essay Example Additionally, a child misses an opportunity of interacting with others when he or she is educated at home. This has serious effect on a child social development in future because he or she will not be able to learn ways of interacting with others (Amy and Vahid, 22).In addition, some parents explain that a child experiences less pressure as compared to a child educated at school. They argue that a child can achieve educational freedom whereby they learn what need to learn anytime. However, their view is quit refutable. A study by Marcovici (138) shows that home education is stressful because a parent has to research and prepare lesson for a child. Additionally, the parent has to answer any questions posted to them by a child. This can be tasking to a parent who also has to undertake other jobs. It can also result to misunderstanding when a child is struggling to get to know what has been taught. Some parents have argued that sending their kids to school expose them to harsh realities such as smoking, teenage sex and alcohol abuse. However, a study by Amy and Vahid (22) explain that kids need to be in such realities so as to know between right and wrong. Additionally, the authors explain that kids can deal with issues of drug and alcohol abuse when they are mature easily. The fact here is that kids are will be aware of the consequences posed by exposure of teenage sex and drug use.It is important to send children to conventional classes to make them have achievement in their lives.

Examples of Oganizational Change ( Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Examples of Oganizational Change ( - Essay Example It can be said that social media has become the most appropriate tool to become successful for any organization (Socialnomics ). Samsung has become the number one smart phones selling brand in the world but the point of inquiry is how? The answer to this question is hidden in the organizational change which has been adopted by this organization in accordance with the contemporary world of technology and social media. The focus on human resource and technology along with the incorporation of social media has helped Samsung to acquire such position (Weiss). The adoption of contemporarily dominating forces like innovation and social media has played a sufficient role to lead Samsung towards its success. It did not only help Samsung to become number one but has also worked as the motivational force for its employees. Marketing via social media and apps relating to social media by Google has also assisted investors of Samsung to make most of the profit out of their investments. Along with the consumers who are provided with what they desire to have in the form of Samsung smart phones equipped with every contemporary technology and social media

Factors to consider when designing a web site Essay Example for Free

Factors to consider when designing a web site Essay Due to the high rate of competition and technology advance, any website creating company aims at giving its costumers a product they will enjoy using. Lafleur trading company a website developing company is not left behind i doing so. In their quest to satisfy their customers they needed to upgrade their way of developing website. To enable them do this lafleur reflected on factors to consider when designing a website. To start with, the company realised they need to find out if they are designing a particular website who was their immediate users, what they would expect to find in that particular web site and the easiness of getting what they want. This will be determined by the interphase of the website that is what colours to use, how easy is it to navigate between lafleur website and any related website that might contain contact information about a product advertised in their website (Vu Proctor, 2011). Designing a unique product is an important point to consider. In order to get attention of many audience give them a different product than what they are used to but one that serves the purpose better than the previous one. This can be achieved by use of different colours but attractive ones ( a page should not contain more than three colours) use of graphics and relevant pictures of what you are advertising also will make the web site more user friendly The most important point to put inconsideration is to test your website for errors. Website should be consistent to use and error prone. Contact information pertaining the website should provided so that customers are able to access online information when they so require. Lastly feedback methods to get customers views should be put in place to get customers potion about websites designed by Lafleur Company. Reference Vu, K.-P. L., Proctor, R. W. (2011). Handbook of human factors in Web design. Boca Raton: CRC Press Source document

US Policy Failure: Unilateralism in a Global Environment :: Essays Papers

US Policy Failure: Unilateralism in a Global Environment IMPORTANCE OF MULTILATERALISM In the global age that we live in, it is unreasonable to think that a nation can independently face the complex diplomatic challenges that exist, yet the Bush administration has clearly demonstrated its intention to act unilaterally on a number of important issues, from worldwide security and terrorism to infectious disease and other environmental and humanitarian issues. Throughout the 1990’s, the United States relied primarily on a foreign policy based on multilateral efforts; however, signs of unilateralism began to emerge in 2002 with the planning of the Iraq War. (Levy) In an outline of the United States national security strategy, the current administration made it clear that it no longer felt bound by preexisting global agreements, and that it maintained the prerogative to defend itself from perceived threats even if the international community did not believe such threats were legitimate enough to necessitate action. While the United States will constantly strive to enlist the support of the international community, we will not hesitate to act alone, if necessary, to exercise our right of self-defense by acting preemptively...Today humanity holds in its hands the opportunity to further freedom's triumph over all these foes. The United States welcomes our responsibility to lead in this great mission. But our responsibility to history is clear: to answer these attacks and rid the world of evil. (The National Security Strategy of the United States (2002), p 6, preface, and p 5) Aside from violating the charter of the UN, unilateral preemption is simply not a sound national security policy. There are many advantages inherent to multilateralism that are not possible under a unilateral approach, such as the assurance of participation by all in the management of world affairs, and the legitimacy that it provides, particularly when it comes to matters regarding the use of force or the establishment of universal norms. Also, the complexity of global politics presents a serious challenge to the use of US power. In spite of its incredible military superiority, the United States is dependent on support from allies when it operates abroad. Geographically strategic position gives weak states and advantage when the United States is seeking access to military positions, further stressing the necessity of maintaining good relationships with other countries. In accordance with its apparent wishes, the United States government finds itself alone in its belief in unilateralism; most other governments understand the importance of multilateralism, citing its importance to effectively dealing with issues of Global priority.

Widespread Adoption Of E-Books

E-books could be referred to as digital media that are similar to print outs. They could also be referred to as books that are in electronic format or version but similar to conventional printed books. As every aspect of life seems to be undergoing a kind of revolution, printing industries are not left behind as they are also moving from analog to digital times by offering books online or in other electronic formats. This essay is going to look and discuss in depth about issues that surround its widespread adoption.In the beginning there were very few books that were available in electronic format as people were reluctant to adopt them. In most cases it is only books that were familiar and in the public domain were published as e-books but of late even new books are available in fact, this mode has given new authors a platform to market their work. E-books requires one to have an electronic device such as a phone or a computer to be able to read them and specific software such as Ded icated e-book reader and Adobe PDF for one to be able to read them. (Viney, 2005).Just like it is the case with other thing, that is having merits and demerits, the same applies to e-books and these factors in one way or the other affects their widespread adoption according to Bergeron and Blander (91). There are those factors that favor its adoption and these are things like; you can carry around a lot of information on a very simple device such as compact discs and phones. It is much easier to search for information in e-books than in other ordinary printouts as you can go to a specific page automatically without having to turn pages one after the other.Many publishers opt to publish their books in electronic form because of various reasons such as; it is cheaper to publish e-book than to print ordinary books which requires a lot of color and labor. Another thing that leads to its adoption world wide is the fact that unlike ordinary printouts, the case is different when it comes t o e-books as you can adjust the font size and backlight to suit your needs. On the other hand, there are those factors that undermine its world wide adoption and these are things like; e-book might require internet connection, requires electronic devices such as phones and computers.Again you have to buy some recommended software such as Adobe PDF reader which costs more than the book itself something that hampers its widespread adoption. Electronic devices are prone to malfunctioning and thus can become faulty anytime when you least expect it and thus it is not reliable. Again this book requires electronic devices that use electrical power thus adding the cost of having it plus it becomes a limitation to areas where there is no electricity. In other circumstances, author’s effort and time spent becomes a waste when their work is hacked by pirates and sold cheaply to readers.There are also reasons such as environmental diversity of end users for example e-books requires parti cular properties for machines for one to read them like specific resolution of the screen, screen size and other things (Viney, 2005). Again this book requires different software for one to access it on another machine making it very costly when you factor in the cost of the software plus the book itself something that impedes on its widespread adoption (Bergeron and Blander, 2002).Indeed departure from analog books to digital e-books is the height of civilization but as it is the case with new products to have no easy flow in the market, e-book has been no exceptional as there are a number of hindrances that hamper its widespread adoption such as the need for specific reading software that are very costly and electronic devices that consume a lot electricity. Despite this, e-book has its advantages such as; it is easily accessible, portable and less costly when it comes to publishing.

Articles of Confederation vs Constitution Essay

The Articles of Confederation and United States Constitution are two documents that shaped the U.S. government into what it is today. The Articles of Confederation (AOC) was the first Constitution of the United States. Americans soon realized that this document had to be substantially modified because the U.S. needed a stronger government. The AOC was thought of as an ineffective national government document, although there were some strong points. The AOC was ratified in 1781, and replaced by an improved document known as the United States Constitution in 1789. An unknown person once said, â€Å"Perhaps the greatest service rendered by the Articles of Confederation was the impetus its shortcomings gave to those who favored a strong central government.† This is an analytical essay supporting this quote by comparing the strengths, weaknesses, and achievements of the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution. The AOC gave Congress many powers which included: the right to declare war, develop foreign policy, regulate Native American activity in the territories, coin money, run post offices, borrow money, and appoint military officers. Although the AOC seemed to have a lot of power, there were also several underlying weaknesses and problems that were not initially addressed. As a result the United States Constitution came into action. This document essentially addressed all the underlying problems of the AOC. The AOC did not allow Congress to levy taxes on individuals which the Constitution addressed. The AOC had no federal court system so the Constitution had a dynamic court system in place which was created to deal with issues between citizens and the states. The AOC offered no regulation of trade between states and interstate commerce. The Constitution gave Congress the right to regulate trade between states and control interstate commerce. The AOC had no executive power; the president of the United States simply presided over Congress until the ratification of the Constitution which created the Executive branch. This was designed to give the president a more powerful role in the government. The Executive branch gave the president power to choose his Cabinet members and checks on the power of the judicial and legislative branches. The AOC offered little hope if Congress or the states needed to amend any documents as it called for 100% (13/13) of participants  to agree. The Constitution made it to where a 2/3 vote of both houses of Congress, plus a 3/4 vote of state legislatures or national convention could amend a document. In the AOC the representation of states was flawed as it said each state were to receive 1 vote regardless of siz e. The Constitution in turn fixed this by making the upper house (Senate)give each state 2 votes and the lower house (House of Representatives) is based on population. The AOC did not allow Congress to recruit military troops, but was dependent on states to contribute forces. The Constitution allows for Congress to raise an army when needed in military situations. The AOC had a complicated system of arbitration in effect and the Constitution issued federal courts the right to handle disputes. Sovereignty was an issue while the AOC were in place as it resided in the states whereas the Constitution created the supreme law of the land. When passing law the AOC required 9/13 to approve legislation and the Constitution made it majority vote in both houses plus the signature of the President. The AOC faced many challenges and did not maintain order as the United States needed. It essentially did not work for the United States which is why the ratification of it is such a historical outcome of the United States. All these ratifications of the AOC did not come so simple to the United States. There was a Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia on May 25, 1787 to solve the problems of the AOC. It was at this convention that many plans were proposed, and compromises were reached. The weaknesses of the AOC had to be addressed. The first plan introduced by Governor Edmund Randolph, was the Virginia Plan, better known as the Large State Plan, called for a strong national government with bicameral legislation apportioned by population. This plan also called for the lower house to be elected directly by the people and the upper house to be elected by the lower house. This plan as well called for a Chief Executive and a Federal Court system, and it gave Congress the power to tax and regulate interstate commerce. The Large State Plan gave the national government the power to legislate, and gave a proposed national Council of Revision a veto power over state legislatures. The delegates loved the sound of this fundamental reform plan. The Virginia Plan struck opposition among delegates from the smaller states and thus a competing plan, presented by William Patterson, known as the New Jersey  Plan, or Small State Plan, came into action. This plan kept federal powers rather limited and created no new Congress. Instead, the plan enlarged some of the supremacies then held by the Continental Congress. It also called for a plural executive branch and a federal court system like the Virginia Plan. This plan was not as highly sought out as the Virginia Plan, so in turn was rejected which caused the supporters of the Virginia Plan to make amends to the smaller states. This in turn resulted in members of the Senate being elected by the state legislatures. After the Virginia and New Jersey Plan delegate s worked out a series of compromises between these competing plans. The first was The Great Compromise, or the Connecticut Compromise, which resulted in a bicameral legislature: House of Representatives (lower house), which was representation based on population, and the Senate (upper house), which was based on equal representation where each state would have 2 senators selected by the state legislatures. Another compromise reached was The Three-fifths Compromise. This was proposed over the â€Å"counting† of slaves and it determined that slaves would be counted as three-fifths of a vote for both purposes of taxation, and purposes of representation in the House of Representatives. On September 17, 1787, a majority of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention approved the documents over which they had labored since May. To ratify the Constitution it was determined that 9 of the 13 states had to agree to the ratification in order for the new Constitution to go into effect. Although 9 states is all the government needed to ratify the new document, Congress knew it was important to get the support of the large states, New York and Virginia, in order for the new government to be effective. Delaware was the first state to ratify and soon after 4 more states joined in on the ratification. There were those who favored ratification, better known as the Federalists, and those who opposed the ratification, known as Anti-federalists. The Federalists fought back and convinced the states that rejection of the Constitution would result in anarchy and civil strife. The Anti-federalists argued against the ratification that the delegates in Philadelphia had exceeded their congressional authority by replacing the AOC with an illegal new document. Others protested that the delegates in Philadelphia represent only the noble few, and thus hand crafted a document that saved their special interests and set aside the franchise for the propertied classes. The Anti-federalists  also argued that the Constitution would give too much power to the central government at the expense of the states, and that a representative government could not manage a republic as large as the United States. The biggest objection by the Anti-federalists was the Constitutional Convention had failed to adopt a Bill of Rights. The Federalists believed that the Constitution was so constrained that it posed no threat to the rights of citizens. It was clear in order to get the remainder of the states on the ratification side that the government had to put a Bill of Rights in place. The Federalist assured the public that the first step of the new government would adopt a Bill of Rights. Soon after, The Federalist Papers were written by John Jay and Alexander Hamilton of New York, and James Madison of Virginia. This document encouraged the ratification of the Constitution. These papers circulated through New York and other states and soon after ratification passed in the New York and Virginia state conventions. The last and final state to ratify the Constitution was Rhode Island. After it was faced with threatened treatment as a foreign government, it passed ratification of May 29, 1790.

Healthy Eating in College Students, Self-Schemas Essays

Healthy Eating in College Students, Self-Schemas Essays Healthy Eating in College Students, Self-Schemas Paper Healthy Eating in College Students, Self-Schemas Paper This study was among the first of its kind.   It aimed to test whether college students who had ‘self-schemas’ for healthy eating actually consumed a healthier diet than those who did not. First, it set up what a ‘self-schema’ is and why it is important to the study, then it assessed nutrition diaries, and finally, evaluated the results.   The results have proven having a self-schema is a key point towards behavior. Students in this study who had a self-schema about healthy eating were likely to have a better diet.   Researchers found that those with a healthy eating schema consumed more fiber and less total and saturated fat, but found no significant different in cholesterol or sugar intake.   In general, those with a health eating schema had a healthier diet.   What this means is that the students’ beliefs significantly affected their behavior. This study does have its limitations.   The sample size was only 49 participants, all college-age, and all female.   The researchers have suggested that instead of a healthy-eating schema, what they have actually encountered was a dieting-schema. College-aged females are frequently concerned with weight.   Many are on their own for the first time, many are dating, and many are concerned about their appearance.   For this reason, the ‘healthy eating’ the researchers are seeing could be simply an attempt to control one’s weight and therefore, appearance. To get around this particular problem, researchers would have to repeat the study with a larger sample size that included males, and people of different ages.   It is impossible, from the data given, to say that it is exactly the healthy eating schema that is causing the behavior. Researchers did note, however, that there are no significant differences in BMI or total calorie intake, leading them to believe that dieting may not be the schema at work.   Unless many other variables were noted – such as intake of vitamins and minerals, and more – and these variables were noted over a longer period of time, it is impossible to say which schema is really at work.

About Shakespeare Essay Example for Free

About Shakespeare Essay Essay Topic: Literature , William Shakespeare Choose cite format: APA MLA Harvard Chicago ASA IEEE AMA Hamlet (634) , Claudius (325) , Ophelia (231) , Polonius (224) , Gertrude (208) , Laertes (186) , Horatio (118) , Fortinbras (82) Haven't found the essay you want? Get your custom sample essay for only $13.90/page ? Hamlet is Shakespeare’s longest and most tragic play. It was first published in 1603, from a draft published several years earlier. The play begins two months after the death of King Hamlet of Denmark. The country is in a state of unrest. Young Fortinbras of Norway is preparing for war. After the King’s death, his brother Claudius takes over the throne, and marries the widowed Queen Gertrude. Young Hamlet, the late king’s son is incensed. He is told by the ghost of his father, that Claudius had poisoned him, to become the King of Denmark. Hamlet starts acting like a madman rousing concern. Polonius, an advisor to King Claudius is also worried by Hamlet’s strange â€Å"transformation. † The two, along with Queen Gertrude instruct Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, Hamlet’s childhood friends to spy on him. Hamlet is also increasingly hostile towards his love, Ophelia, Polonius’ daughter. Out of fear, the King orders Hamlet to be sent to England. King Claudius and Polonius both feel that Hamlet is dangerous. To ensure who the culprit was, Hamlet cleverly changes the lines in a play which is performed before the king and the queen. The King’s reaction convinces Hamlet that it was indeed he who poisoned his father. Alone, King Claudius reveals his crime, and confesses that he cannot escape divine judgment. After the play, Queen Gertrude scolds her son, but he instead scolds his mother for her wrong actions. Polonius is spying on the two, from behind a curtain. Hamlet hears Polonius, and kills him thinking he is Claudius. Anxious and scared, the king orders Hamlet to be sent to England, along with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. The King wants Hamlet killed as soon as he arrives in England. Hamlet had the spies Rosencrantz and Guildenstern put to death instead. Meanwhile, Young Fortinbras has brought his army to Denmark. Hamlet admires Young Fortinbras, for his courage to fight for honor. The death of Polonius has a profound impact on Ophelia, who in her depression and apathy kills herself by drowning. Laertes, Polonius’ son is enraged. The king tells him that it was Hamlet who murdered Polonius. The two decide to get rid of Hamlet, their common enemy. Claudius and Laertes arrange a duel, in which Laertes will fight Hamlet. To ensure Hamlet’s death, Laertes poisons the tip of his sword. In the course of the duel, Laertes, Hamlet and the King are poisoned by the same sword. Queen Gertrude drinks a poisoned drink meant for Hamlet, and is killed. Dying, Hamlet tells Horatio to tell the world of his story and recommends Young Fortinbras the next king of Denmark. Hamlet – Prince of Denmark is a play that deals with the main subjects of honor, revenge and suicide. Hamlet is not our typical hero. Born in a royal family, he is a refined young man with noble attributes, but he has his weaknesses. After his father’s murder, he is driven mad by anger when his mother marries Claudius. His love for Ophelia too turned into a strange confusion and mix of emotions. He distrusts all those around him, and starts dwelling in a melancholy state of mind. Even those he thought were his friends turn out to be spies sent by the king and queen. This also explain Hamlets â€Å"insanity† to a great extent. But even so, Hamlet is a disturbed individual. The way he treats Ophelia is obvious evidence. He is cruel to her, in spite of her efforts to try and understand him. He is also impulsive – he kills Polonius without thinking twice. Justice and revenge form major themes of the play, with Claudius, at the Head of a country, having killed his own brother, and Hamlet, avenging his father’s death. Suicide also forms an essential theme in the play. Ophelia kills herself by drowning. Hamlet too is prompted to kill himself. † But should he, or not; â€Å"To be or not to be, that is the question. † Shakespeare portrays all the characters with great ingenuity. He analyses human psyche, and how eventually, everyone’s destiny is controlled by fate. About Shakespeare, Hamlet Study Guide, http://absoluteshakespeare. com/guides/hamlet/hamlet. htm About Shakespeare. (2017, Mar 16).

Analysis writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis writing - Essay Example Eventually the dwarf is admitted to the monastery, never to return to his family. This essay examines ‘Keeper of the Virgins’ in terms of underlining metaphors that extend the story from one simply about a dwarf, to a story that relates to a broad spectrum of humanity. One of the early considerations in the story is the nature of the dwarf. The author spends a modicum of time establishing character elements for the dwarf. In this way, the text writes, â€Å"he had broadened his interests to taking in the whole planet† and â€Å"He wrote poetry and prose, and sent it to newspapers, even though a word of it had never been published† (Al-shakyh, p. 9). In addition to establishing the dwarf’s characterization, these notions extend the dwarf’s struggle to one not simply unique to his situation, but to that of many individuals. In this way, the dwarf is partially positioned as an individual struggling to achieve recognition or a place in society. Th is metaphor is extendable to the dwarf’s very position as a dwarf. Just as many members of society feel they are small compared to more powerful people, so does the dwarf metaphorically symbolize this feeling of much humanity. As the story progresses there is the recognition that one of the central components of the plot is the dwarf’s daily journey to the covenant and his waiting outside. It is difficult to determine the dwarf’s exact intentions for making this journey and simply sitting outside the covenant. The dwarf’s family postulates that he simply is looking for an adventure. The nuns think his presence is slightly odd and make jokes about him. It seems, however, that the story’s intentions in exploring this notion are to establish meditative and spiritual elements. Consider when the story states, â€Å"He would sit in the generous shade of the sycamore tree, or lie on a blanket he had brought with him beneath its spreading branches, starin g at the convent walls† (Al-shakyh, p. 9). While the story is Lebanese, there is seemingly an in-direct reference to the Buddhist myth of the Bodhisattva sitting under a tree and reaching enlightenment. In this situation, the dwarf seemingly has sought the convent as a means of achieving enlightenment and a heightened state of purity or essence. One additionally considers the frequent reference to states of purity. For instance, the story title ‘Keeper of the Virgins’ speaks to the nature of purity. The nurses are also frequently characterized as pure and holy. Ultimately, then the dwarf’s visit outside the convent is a central metaphor of a similar seeking of purity and enlightenment among all members of humanity. A final consideration within the text is the dwarf’s final entrance into the convent. There are a number of metaphorical considerations within this occurrence. While the dwarf is depicted as deeply wanting to enter the convent his intentio n is kept partially vague. In this way, it seems to a degree the dwarf’s entrance into the convent is a metaphor for a significant transition period in his life. One considers that the dwarf’s family is upset about his entrance into the convent and his refusal to leave. The story states, â€Å"The one night the dwarf failed to return home. His mother wept loudly† (Al-shakyh, p. 11). While the dwarf’s mother is upset about his refusal to return home, on a broader scale one recognizes that the dwarf has achieved a level of

Science and its Impact on Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Science and its Impact on Society - Essay Example However, in the recent past, there has been a growing awareness among society that the effects of science and related research are not always beneficial. The perception amongst people is that science will only lead to the destruction of nature eventually. That no matter what advancement in technology is enjoyed; the harmful effect on our planet in the name of research and science is increasingly being felt. Only those aspects of science receive attention in society which suit the goals or which inspire awe - this indicates that people at large read science because it serves their purpose or because the subject is topical, sensational or controversial. At most, only a handful read science for the sake of the knowledge it might impart. Much research is required to identify those subjects so that science could be made more popular and effective. Science was a great investment towards a better life and this resulted in the discovery of light waves and radio waves, the electric motors, the first photograph and telephone, and the first publication of the periodic table. There was also great controversy when Charles Each society is faced with the challenge of keeping its proper place in a world defined by economic and political change. Knowledge, in particular science, technology and innovation, is indispensable to meet this challenge. Scientific and technological progress results in new innovations that are an integral part of international competitiveness. This translates into what the society's needs and aspirations are, such as peace, jobs, security, health and sustainable development of the planet. Viewing science from two angles: The benefits are many: medical advancements have saved many lives; internet and increased access to information is definite; research in the field of weather has led to the predictions of storms and the study of astronomy has given society knowledge of the formation of Earth and of the solar system. The adverse effects are: The medicines prescribed come with their own side effects; and nuclear technology! This scientific knowledge has helped in creating bombs which are used for massacres and gruesome killings; it has also been used for energy, releasing radiation which causes medical problems to many. Factors controlling the usage of science: The relationship between science, controlled by the government, and society is a hostile one because the society that enjoys benefits of science cannot do anything to prevent the side-effects of science - it is powerless to take action to curb the harmful turn of events that result from science; especially more so if the science is

Ducati Sports and Cruisers Bike From Buyers Point of View Research Paper

Ducati Sports and Cruisers Bike From Buyers Point of View - Research Paper Example Research design can be considered as one of the most important tools in conducting the research in the quest for positive results. Ader et al  stated that the research design is concerned with what question to study, what data are relevant, how to collect those data and how to analyze those data in an effective and efficient manner. Usually, qualitative and quantitative research plays an important role in the research design. The qualitative research design is based on the theoretical aspects of the chosen topic based on analyzing the literature while quantitative research design is based on analyzing the collected data through statistical tools to derive conclusion and results based on the result question to achieve the proposed aim and objectives of the research. In quantitative research design, it is important to assess the variables along with relating them to the research question. Variables in this particular research can be personal attributes, likeliness and personality, op inions and personal and brand image. All these variables can be analyzed through primary research and data collection methods through the use of questionnaires and interviews. However, in this particular research, interviews can be considered as a feasible and appropriate option. Interviews will help in communicating with the riders on a personal basis along with analyzing their preference and likeliness for the sports bike and cruisers. Questionnaires can be of great help in analyzing data and variables using statistical tools and methods.

The Design Of Multi Level Car Parks Tourism Essay

The Design Of Multi Level Car Parks Tourism Essay Car sales, close to 8 lakh units a year, are growing at an average rate of 10 per cent while two-wheeler sales at 5 million are expected to grow 14-15 per cent. In order to accommodate the large volume of vehicles, small cities and towns must develop their infrastructure roads, flyovers, car parks and other facilities. Otherwise their arteries are most likely to get clogged like they do in big and mini metros.   One solution may be a multi-level car parking system to maximise car parking capacity by utilising vertical space, rather than expand horizontally. Although at a nascent stage in India, it is one of the options to decongest roads and solve parking problems.   However, with land in metros and A grade cities becoming scarce and dearer, and plots getting smaller, conventional parking is proving infeasible. Sometimes soil conditions rule out excavation for multiple basements, or multiple RCC parking slabs take total building height beyond permissible limits. Sometimes it is found that the ramp or car lifts eat up much parking area that no increase in parking capacity is possible. In such case, mechanised car parking systems make creation of extra parking capacity feasible. So far three types of mechanised car parking systems puzzle, tower and mini have been operating in India. In each of these, the car is always parked or retrieved at one level only, and the stationary vehicle is carried to different levels in steel pallets.   The number of vehicles in metros is approaching one million mark. Mumbai has over 13 lakh vehicles, and up to 200 are added everyday. Suburbia Mall, Kalptaru Builders, and Evershine Builders in Mumbai are equipped with multi-level car parking system. Even towns like Chittorgarh and Jaipur are interested in multi-level car parking (also called elevated car parking system).   The puzzle system is configurable and module capacity can vary. For instance, car parking space meant for two cars can accommodate three cars. The optimum capacity of the tower type system is 50 meant for three. Fully automatic systems generally cater to higher capacities per unit. Since conventional multi-level car parks have a clear height of 9 ft. to 10 ft. above each level, they can accommodate Small Utility Vehicles also.   The mechanised system does not cater to these. It is possible to customise systems to accommodate SUVs, but it has not been done so far. Any decent capacity parking plan invariably has ground parking slots (where no mechanized system can fit), and these usually suffice for the proportion of SUVs, says Rajeev Goel, CEO, Kinetic Escalator Elevator Ltd. Depending on the type of system and order size, the mechanised parking systems installed by Kinetic cost from Rs 2 to 3.5 lakh per car. A semi-mechanised (valet parking) option is also available per car cost under one lakh. Depending on the type, its configuration and position of the pallet, it takes half to two-and-half minutes from the press of a button to an approaching car to the drive way level to park a car on it or drive away the car parked on it.   Parking charges depend on what the user is wiling to pay, and whether he has an option to park nearby without paying. A parking slot may be permanently allotted/sold/leased to the built-up area buyer/lessee. Where an owner can charge parking fees by the hour, the fee depends on demand and supply of parking space, not on the parking system. It can vary from Rs 2 a day to Rs 25 an hour.   Many state governments and civic bodies, and some Central government departments are aware of these systems and are expected to give them push. Some civic bodies have liberalised bylaws to enable builders to maximise parking capacity in their projects. Some civic bodies have also floated BoT or like tenders inviting private investment in maximising public parking capacity, according to Goel. The government shouldnt allow parking on roads, states Shree Gopal Kabra, President, Ram Ratna Group.   Goel is quite confident that the demand for car parks is an integral part of a residential or commercial complex, rather than an independent commercial venture. However, it may take years before parking fees in India reach a level at which the investment in these systems and their maintenance cost can be recovered from parking fees alone. Kabra says that a multi-level car parking system will be a success in commercial layouts. One has to club towers with ad revenues or with some other alternatives like commercial activities so that the revenue keeps flowing to the owners who implement car parking systems. Design Image of the inside of a multi-storey car park Movement of vehicles between floors can be effected by: interior ramps the most common type exterior ramps which may take the form of a circular ramp (colloquially known as a whirley-gig in America) vehicle lifts the least common In locations where the car park is built on sloping land, the car park may be split-level. Many car parks are independent buildings that are dedicated exclusively to that use. The design loads for car parks are often less than the office building they serve (50 psf versus 80 psf), leading to long floor spans of 55-60 feet that permit cars to park in rows without supporting columns in between. The most common structural systems in the United States for these structures are either prestressed concrete concrete double tee floor systems or post-tensioned cast-in-place concrete floor systems. In recent times, car parks built to serve residential and some business properties are built as part of a larger building, and often are built underground as part of the basement. Motorcycle parking inside a multi-storey car park Car parks which serve shopping centres can sometimes be built adjacent to the shopping centre so as to effect easier access at each floor between shops and parking. One example is the Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota, USA, which has two large car parks attached to the building at the eastern and western ends of the mall. Another common position for car parks within shopping centres in the UK is on the roof, around the various utility systems, enabling customers to take lifts straight down into the centre. Examples of such are The Oracle in Reading and Festival Place in Basingstoke. Automated parking Automatic multi-storey car parks provide lower building cost per parking slot, as they typically require less building volume and less ground area than a conventional facility with the same capacity. However, the cost of the mechanical equipment within the building that is needed to transport cars internally needs to be added to the lower building cost to determine the total costs. Other costs are usually lower too, for example there is no need for an energy intensive ventilating system, since cars are not driven inside and human cashiers or security personnel may not be needed. Automated car parks rely on similar technology that is used for mechanical handling and document retrieval. The driver leaves the car in an entrance module. It is then transported to a parking slot by a robot trolley. For the driver, the process of parking is reduced to leaving the car inside an entrance module. At peak periods a wait may be involved before entering or leaving. The wait is due to the fact that loading passengers and luggage occurs at the entrance and exit location rather than at the parked stall. This loading blocks the entrance or exit from being available to others. Whether the retrieval of vehicles is faster in an automatic car park or a self park car park depends on the layout and number of exits. Advantages: The advantages of this can be seen immediately: there is no room to build conventional multi-storey car parks above ground in the areas they are required, and under-street parking is actually more cost effective than other schemes on a per parking space basis. In addition, an automatic system brings significant savings in engineering because elevators, ramps, stairways, lighting and ventilation do not need to be provided to the same extent. The construction, however, also means the transfer of sewer, storm drains and water services from beneath the centre of the road to conduits at the side of the roads. PARKING PROCESS Cars (maximum dimension 5.25m long, 2.2m wide and 1.7m high) must be driven to one of four receiving stations (marked A to D), the entry to which is actuated by a control device which responds to a transponder chip held in the car by the user. On gaining entry the driver proceeds to correctly position / park the car on a transfer ramp and then locks and leaves the vehicle. A combination of laser scanners and light barriers will then examine the car for its positioning and dimensions. The elevator ramp is then actuated and the car is raised to its parking level and stored (cars are parked side by side). In July 2007 the Wà ¶hr Multiparker 740 equipped garage was given the ADAC Award (German Automobile Association) for the best use of space, security and reliability. On returning, the driver comes to the same transfer station (they may pay by credit card at an automated paying station) and the car will be retrieved from its storage level according to the transponder chip still held by the driver. The car is retrieved on its transfer pallet and the driver simply drives away through automated exit gates. The pallet has a lighting system which illuminates the area for two minutes while the driver gets into the car. Customer help is available via an intercom system 24 hours per day in case of breakdowns or unforeseen problems. If a car is not retrieved for its owner within two hours then the owner receives compensation from the parking operator. PROJECT 1: TECHNOLOGY TYPE SIMPARK (Completed in November, 2001) CALCUTTA, INDIA We make Calcuttans proud by introducing the Worlds First Fully Automatic Mechanized Public Multi-Level Car Parking System on a Curve, at the intersection of Park Street-Rawdon Street crossing, in a Joint Venture with the Kolkata Municipal Corporation. The ground plus two-storied computer based system, accommodates upto three times more than conventional parking. The system at Rawdon Street has been constructed to provide car-parking facility for around 210 cars on a ground area of 1260 Sq. Mtrs. Each row can individually hold on average 73 numbers of cars. The system is operated from both the ends of the structure. Each lift lobby having its own individually control panel and ticketing system. However, one can park and retrieve his/ her car from either end and vice versa. A steel pallet is designated for every car slot in the system. Whenever a car needs to be parked, the ticketing button is pressed and the entrance gate opens only after a pallet has been delivered. The driver parks his car on the pallet, engages a gear, locks his car (optional as nobody can go inside the system and your car is safe as in a vault), and walks out of the system. The tickets to the system is a simple the magnetic strip cards, which the ticket attendant swipes. From herein onwards, the computer takes over. One must remember not to lose the magnetic card as it contains information on the parked vehicle. Technologies : Simpark The beauty of this Parking system is inherent in its intrinsic simplicity. It is a modular Lego like system and therefore can be adapted to fit any size or shape of plot. Each grid has an independent lift and each floor or array of cars has its independent carrier. For every car to be parked in the system, there is a steel pallet designated when a car is to be parked, on a button being punched the entrance gate opens. The driver parks his car on the pallet, engages a gear, locks his car (optional), and walks out of the system. From herein onwards, the computer takes over. Uniquely designed lift, enables carriers to pass through lift shaft, when lift is not in the specific floor. More than one lift can be placed in each row at either end, or in the middle as required. THE PARKING PROCEDURE The PLC system computer decides, which floor, which and slot the pallet with the car is to be placed is to be parked on. Accordingly, the pallet with the car placed on it is taken up with the help of the vertical elevator system to the desired floor. The next step is that on reaching the particular floor the carrier system picking up picks up the pallet along with the car, and moving it horizontally along the structure over the other vehicles to the place assigned by the computerit slowly lowers it into the slot assigned by the system. It should be made quite clear here, that the height of each floor, is a little more than twodouble the cars height, so that the carrier transports the car above the already parked cars. Retrieval of parked cars is precisely the same operation, but in the reverse order. When the driver comes to collect his car, he gives the ticket/magnetic card, which was given to him on parking. The card is swiped and; automatically the bill for parking is generated for payment. Simultaneously the computer has issued the order for retrieval. Carrier picks up the relevant pallet, transports it over other cars and places it on the elevator. The elevator brings down the pallet. On retrieval retrieval, through a turntable, the pallet takes a turn and keeps the car is in a drive-out position. The Main gates opens automatically, driver walks in and drives out in his carfor the driver to drive out his car. The Gate close automatically and the system is on standby for the next requests. The entire system can operate, with just one ticket attendant in each lobby. In case of the remote eventuality of any problem, the same shall be reflected immediately in the master computer in the control room and the fault rectified within minutes. SERVICES OFFERED 1. Night parking. 2. Multiple Entry and Exit facilities. 3. Provision for long term booking of parking slots. 4. ATM and Vending Machine. 5. Public Call Booth. 6. Front / Backlit show windows for corporate and product advertising CONSTRUCTION DETAILS We have used RCC grid of Concrete Column and Beam only for the parking tower. There are no slabs for the parking tower. Top Roof is done with coated G.I. Sheets simply supported by Crush Structures. The structure has been designed for required dead load lift load as per I.S. Standard. Necessary construction instructions as per I.S. Construction have been provided. Elevators have been placed at both the end of the structures. The Control Panel with P.L.Cs will control the movement of the elevator and Electronic devices. Fire fighting with sprinklers system has been provided. The fire fighting system has been divided into various zones. Wet risers have also been provided. Other details have been met as per fire laws and by-laws. Round the clock, security cameras have been provided for recording the vehicles entering and exiting the system. These security cameras would also be utilized for recording the movement of people in the entire compound. Managing of a Multilevel Parking Lot using IPv6 Problem with multilevel parking lot now To find a parking space in a crowded multilevel parking facility now, the driver must be lurking around while driving. Even if not speeding, this is very dangerous. The possibility that a accident resulting in injury or death could happen is very high here. To solve this problem If a parking space at a multilevel parking lot can be found without the driver lurking around, the number of accidents can be decreased. So, I thought of attaching each curb at the parking space with a sensor using IPv6. And the open space can be checked at the entrance of the parking lot, and reach there without the driver lurking around. How to use IPv6 1) Each curb at the parking space is attached with a sensor by IPv6. First, each curb is attached with a sensor so the position and floor of the place open can be known. 2) The open space can be known by the screen placed at the entrance of the parking lot, using a sensor. Another problem If a car ahead of you parks at the place you were think of parking, this system will be useless. To solve this problem When deciding where to park at the entrance of the parking lot, a simple reservation is made, so the next person knows that the place is taken. By doing so, the driver does not have to lurk around when a person ahead of you parks at the spot he/she was thinking of parking. Image of Screen at Parking Entrance R e d- -The sensor shows that there is a car. B l u e- -It is open now, but the person ahead of you is trying to park there. White- -The space is open. The screen is a touch panel, and reservation can be done by pressing the screen, and the status of the 3rd, 4th, and all floors can be checked By making this facility, accidents at parking lots will decrease In the limelight Kolkatas first underground automated car parking system was now acting as a showpiece attracting municipal corporations from around the country. The Municipal Corporation of Delhi has already signed an agreement with Simpark for such projects at more than one station. Hi-tech bay: Cars at the underground parking lot built by Simpark Infrastructure at the New Market complex in Kolkata. The facility will be opened to the public on April 20. Kolkata April 15 Simpark Infrastructure (P) Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of Simplex Projects Ltd, braving several odds has just completed an underground modern automated car parking system at one of the most congested areas of the city the New Market complex, a relic of the Raj to which all Kolkatans are emotionally attached. A trip to the Market for pre-Christmas shopping is a must for both young and old. The engineering marvel 30 ft below the ground has been achieved without disturbing the red brick-stoned heritage New Market structure facing the southern faà §ade, including the fabulous clock tower to the left. Initially planned as a multi-level car park above ground, the BOT project, facing stiff resistance from the market shop establishments, was shifted below with a shopping mall at the minus one level and the actual gantry system car parking at the minus two level. Sheet piling over a period of 18 months was done to safeguard the old buildings facing the market complex. Top down construction method has been adopted (no cannibalisation of the top surface), and the gantry system can be accessed through five entry points (gates) for cars to be placed on pallets, which will take them down to the designated parking slot. Fully computerised, there will be just one person each at the entry point to operate the system, and car recovery is said to take just 90 seconds. Showpiece Cited as Kolkatas first underground automated car parking system, the project, commissioned by the Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC), according to Mr B.K. Mundhra, Chairman and Managing Director of Simplex Projects, was now acting as a showpiece attracting municipal corporations from around the country. He said the Municipal Corporation of Delhi has already signed an agreement with Simpark for such projects at more than one stations. Talking to Business Line on the various challenges faced during the four-year construction period of the Rs 34-crore BOT project (with a 20-year concession period) by the Simpark engineering team, Mr Mundhra said the company has been able to just about break-even. The gain for us is the immense satisfaction of having completed such a difficult project in a small stretch (just 40,000 sq ft), capable of accommodating some 280 cars. He said the KMC would get 5 per cent of the parking fees, which is projected to be around Rs 2.5 lakh annually. The main earning for KMC will be through secondary basic rent from shop owners in the plaza. This is expected to yield annually around Rs 10 lakh for KMC while providing hassle-free parking for Kolkatans. Some 150 shop owners are said to have booked space at the plaza. Asked on Simparks future plans, Mr Mundhra said the company was planning to enter the semi-automatic private retail parking segment with the Intelligent Cubicle Sliding system, for which it has entered into a strategic tie-up with a Korean company. He said orders for prototypes of the compact system, which can be installed easily at building sites to fulfil private parking needs, have already been placed. A base level model, for holding some 8-10 cars, may cost anything between Rs 1.75 lakh and Rs 2.5 lakh.