Strategic Objectives of Operations Management Case Study

Strategic Objectives of Operations Management Case Study 1) Evaluate the strategic objectives of operations management within the organisation Effective operations management is directly related to overall organisational objectives, if operations within the organisation are not implemented properly, it will affect the profitability of the organisation in longer terms. Therefore, in order to achieve these objectives the need for operations management arises in order to professional mangers. These managers have the expertise in their related fields such as marketing, finance and human resource etc. Operations Management relates to the production of goods and services within the organisation. It deals with the inputs and outputs that are vital for the effective operational management. Here, input refers to the managements of the recourses such as competence of the employees, machinery and raw material, and output is mainly focused on distribution of goods and services of finished goods to the customers (Gyte, 2009). Apart from input and output, there are other functions that are listed below: Quality management function Management control and Coordinating function Facilities management function Inventory control and management function Research and development function Finance function The better coordination among these function will improve the control within the organisation and ultimately resulting in organisational. In order to prove how these functions can help an organisation to achieve its strategic objectives, the researcher has chosen the Jindal Stainless Ltd (JSL). However, it is to remember that these functions will be similar to any other manufacturing company. JSL is deals in manufacturing of stainless steel products of different ranges. Therefore, the coordination of above mentioned functions becomes vital (JSL, 2009). These functions are discussed in detail in relation to the JSL. In operations management quality management is imperative in every organization. Company like JSL, always concentrates on customers needs, which is directly related to product development. They understand the importance of maintain the standards as for as the quality of the product is concerned, which in turn help them to hold on to their customers. It will also improve the market share and will also be less attractive to new entrants. Continuous efforts to improve the quality of their product are the main reason that JSL is still growing even in current economic crises. Their continuous investment in research and development projects is also seen as the main reason for their success. Other factors such as internal auditing (benchmarking) and reengineering are also key drivers for their leadership in the market. Internal audit function helps the organizations to identify the flaws and weaknesses in different departments and suggests different ways that ultimately increase their custo mer base in the market (JSL, 2009). Management control (MC) is also very important function that has helped the JSL to achieve their strategic objectives. There are broad range of activities involved MC that ensures that organizational objectives are implemented in efficient and effective way. Under this function an organization always tries to figure out if it actually following and implementing the activities that were decided when original objectives were laid out. For example, JSL always implement those strategies that which are focused on customers. They are always concerned how the products will reach to the customers; therefore they have implemented the national level distribution systems in India. This type of strategy has helped the JSL to achieve their organizational objectives (JSL, 2009). For JSL facilities management is also important in order to achieve the overall objectives. In facilities management, companies heavily rely on the better management of the facilities such as building, computer, signage, lighting and plant and machinery. Facilities management is very important to the JSL, which operates at national level in India, as mentioned earlier. This is because company is involved in the large scale production in relation to market demand. If there is high demand of steel products in the market, then it will be equally important that facilities should be provided keeping in mind the level of demand. On the other hand, if there is less demand in the market then facilities needs to be managed otherwise it may result in high cost to the organization, which will ultimately affect the profitability of the company (JSL, 2009). Marketing or advertisement function is also equally important in current technological world. This helps the companies to reach to the customers quickly and make them aware of latest developments in different products, and make them aware of any new ranges that are introduced followed by the customer demand. The similar strategy is adopted by the JSL in order to ensure its product and services (output) are in the reaching out to the customers in each and every single part of the country. This in turn helps them to achieve their overall objectives and maintain the level of profitability (JSL, 2009). In operations management inventory control is also equally important like any other function that contributes to the achievements of the organizational goals. There should always be control over inventory and procurement department plays the key role in this. In manufacturing company like JSL, the presence of procurement department is vital. If there is more production and less demand then it is highly likely that all the steel products produced will be sold. On the other hand, if there is high demand and less production, this will ultimately affect the profitability of JSL in longer terms and company may loose its customers. This will also increase the chances of competitors to gain the market share (JSL, 2009). Another important function can said to be finance, which helps the company to have the control or manage its finance. JSL is involved in manufacturing business, which requires heavy capital investment. It is important to mange these investments in an efficient manner. Over the years it is seen that companies are employing professional managers those who have expertise in the financial sector. Overall, it can ne said that operations management is embedded in each and every part of the organization, hence important for the achievement of the organizational objectives. References Gyte, (2009), Operations management (Online) www.gyte.edu.tr/dersler/546/ISL536/ÃÅ"retim%201.ppt (Accessed on 09/12/2009) JSL, (2009), Company Profile, (Online) http://www.jindalstainless.com/profile.html (Accessed on 09/12/2009) ASKS 2-A ETOLA 10573 Define resources tools and system required to support business process Introduction Due to globalization, the market become more competitive, now a days the range of new tools are available in the market. To achieve a marginal development business need to develop its business process. The business process management help organization to improve productivity and recognize the value chain to gaining competitive parameters. The business needs a solution of all kind of hype. On the other hand, fear of making a selection that may result in a failure to meet strategic goals or achieve adequate return on investment can cause delays in making the decision to adopt a Business Process tool and, by omission, result in the same problems. Define business process The further step to identify the business strategy is to One step is to identifying the business process strategy is to classify the main business processes which support the business value chain. The current business trend required a long term development planning to achieve a good, but it is possible when business have good business strategy and this strategy is Business Process Management, to achieve overall business objectives this process play an important role. Revolutionary changes To remain stable in the market, it is very imperative to make revolutionary changes by maintaining relationship between technology and current business scenario. If we glance over the real business situation over the last decade, there are huge revolutionary changes has occurred. The technology has changed and due to market competition the quality improvement plays an important role. And to fulfil these objectives there should be a overall contribution of all department. Departments in an organization play key role in meeting overall objectives To achieve organizational goals, all departments play important role like; Human Resource, Finance, Marketing, Production and Quality Control, and IT etc. In this globalization era, it is necessary to maintain clear objective and role to meet organizational goal. All above depart are run by the employee and so the employees are the main capital of the organization because the success and failure of the company is depend on the employees because the command of the all department is in the hand of the employee. Tools and System to manage business recourses To mange a better work system it is essential to establish a better technological tools and system. Now a days there are many technical tools are using in the organization to work smoother. Recently the new ERP established in organization, by help of this system you can operate all of your business function easily like., purchase, sales, time keeping HR outsourcing, and security Management. There are different types of tools to run your business as under: Management Information system Integrated information systems Executive information system Corporate information system Enterprise wide system Material resource planning Manufacturing resource planning Money resource planning Conclusion: The growing information needs of an enterprise make it imperative to improve or replace old system, where the globalization has been initiated, full convertibility is coined, Infrastructure Projects are nearing completion, and it is expected that the whole business system will undergo a major shift. Gain the performance improvements offered by a service-oriented architecture. Enhance operations by combining new and existing information assets and making them available to users throughout the enterprise, and for combination with other resources to meet new challenges. References http://www.bpminstitute.org/articles/article/article/define-your-bpm-strategy-before-selecting-a-tool.html http://www.erpfans.com/erpfans/erpca.htm Task-2-b ETOLA-10573 Define and implement quality audit systems/practice to manage and monitor quality to standards specified by the organization and process operated. Introduction: Quality audit is an important part of an organization to examine a product quality. It is a process of systematic examination of a quality to maintain good quality, because it is a key element to get international quality standard. Quality audits are typically performed at predefined time intervals and ensure that the organization has clearly-defined internal quality monitoring procedures linked to effective action. This can help determine if the organization complies with the defined quality system processes and can involve procedural or results-based assessment criteria. Audits can also be used for safety purposes. Quality Audit can save organizations from quality disasters. The goal of this article is to provide brief information regarding quality audit and it is importance in continuous improvement of any quality system. Audit System: In 2008, our audit volume declined by 19 percent compared to 2007. Wal-Marts ethical standards group and third-party audit firms conducted 11,502 audits in more than 7,000 supplier factories. Of the audited factories, approximately 5,000 produced merchandise for our direct import program, and 2,000 produced domestically-sourced merchandise. In 2008, we accepted more than 1,000 audits from the ICTI and ILO. We attribute the decline in overall audits in part to the change in the programs frequency of audits. Additionally, the factory base across many regions has been negatively impacted by the unfavourable global economic conditions, thus leading to factory closures. Quality Audit Standard of Wall-Marts: Advancing our commitments In Wall-Marts they work with their supplier to help them to achieve new goals, they give their review and feedback to their supplier when necessary. Third-party auditors Third-party auditors will undergo thorough, independent assessments of their performance and work product quality. Third parties will be required to obtain and maintain certification to established industry standards. Improving the efficiency of our audit program Wall-marts is a member of the Clearinghouse (FFC) that enables us to share data among a group of global brands and retailers. Company also have developed a plan to accept high quality and fully establish audits from their peer companies. Company have created a program to evaluate and accept the audit conducted third party group. New requirements The company is improving their supply chain transparency by requiring all main manufacturers of direct import, non-branded and private label goods to reveal their factories and subcontractors company. A supplier development team To achieve high standard supplying the company have developed a supply team, this team is specialized to support the suppliers and their factories by activities such as root cause analysis. A special audit team This team member is responsible to validating audit results created by the quality department and third-party audit firm, after this result if any ethical standards issues arise they audit them and make investigation on it. Conclusion: Quality and knowledge management initiatives can be complementary rather than competing strategies. Continuous process improvement systems work well in controlled and ordered environments focusing on the performance of well-defined and repeatable tasks. Knowledge processing is context dependent and complex the activities of thinking and learning. Cause and effect are discovered in retrospective analysis. References http://walmartstores.com/sites/sustainabilityreport/2009/s_rs_auditProgramResults.html http://www.kppub.com/articles/may2009/quality_audit_a_tool_to_review.html Task 2c ETOLA-10573E Embed a quality culture to ensure continuous monitoring and development of the process Introduction The methodological approach to quality was born at the time of the industrial Revolution, with natural resources being transformed into products having comparable features. The concept of quality is at the basis of competition: products offering similar features distinguish themselves on the basis of how well their features were developed and of how much they are appreciated by the public. Speaking about the quality of an intangible product or service implies substantial differences, as well as different organization and monitoring methodologies. The concept of quality, somehow intuitive in itself, is actually something strictly connected to the service received and the relating client satisfaction. Definition Quality culture is a long-term, extended methodological approach involving all the bodies in charge of delivering a service, with the purpose to attain the highest possible customer satisfaction. Hear in this topic we will summaries how does Wal-marts monitoring the process and develop the quality culture. Wal-marts Culture The corporate quality culture of Wal-Mart is one of the biggest contributing factors that make it one of the worlds most admired companies. When Sam Walton founded the company, he instilled in his people and his business a belief system that is still very much in place today. From the three basic beliefs to the sundown rule, we respect our customers, Associates and suppliers and strive to treat them as we ourselves want to be treated. In building and nurturing these relationships, as well as serving the communities where we live, weve helped build a better business-one committed to excellence. Monitoring and development of Quality Culture In Wall-marts they continuously monitoring their internal process of their quality and after monitoring the process, they develop the policy to gain business goal. From the three basic beliefs to the sundown rule, we respect our customers, Associates and suppliers and strive to treat them as we ourselves want to be treated. In building and nurturing these relationships, as well as serving the communities where we live, weve helped build a better business-one committed to excellence. Conclusion As we have reviewed and studied the quality culture, and the challenges and successes at Wal-Mart, However, it is surprising to find that many organizations though acknowledging the pressure that corporate culture exerts on an organizations profit and loss figures do not more than document their quality culture in paper only and lock them away in files that are never read. So, it is very important for any organization to monitoring the quality culture and develops them to achieve the success. References: http://www.careerbuilder.com/Jobs/Company/C7H3TS6Y32JND3GZW88/Wal-Mart-Stores-Inc-Corporate/?cbsid=ca014d79eaf249a7acd25c7eebb99c0d-313812029-J5-5ns_siteid=ns_uk_g_The_corporate_quality_cbRecursionCnt=1 Task-III-Group assignment ETOLA-10573 McDonalds The McDonalds concept was introduced in Southern California by Dick and Mac McDonald of Manchester, New Hampshire in 1940. It was modified and expanded by their business partner, Ray Kroc, who later bought out the business interests of the McDonalds brothers in the concept and went on to found McDonalds Corporation. It has more than 31000 restaurants in more than 119 countries and serves 47 million customers each day. It has more than 1.5 million employees Its headquarter is at Oak Brook, Illinois, USA. Each McDonalds restaurant is operated by a franchisee, an affiliate, or the corporation itself. The corporations revenues come from the rent, royalties and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company operated restaurants. McDonalds revenues grew 27% over the three years ending in 2007 to $22.8 billion, and 9% growth in operating income to $3.9 billion. PARTICIPATIONS Group viii Question number 3.a and 3.b is completed by: Dhaval B. Kanojiya (Leader) Yogita P. Kapadia Chinmay A. Chauhan Question number 3.c and 3.d is completed by: Sanjay Kumar Paul MD Humayun Rashid Baldev M. Bhetariya Task 19.3.a: Monitor systems, work activities, and identify problems and opportunities for improvement. McDonalds system: To make the profit in the organization McDonalds uses the franchise system. McDonalds gives its franchise to other companies for the expansion of their business. The following diagram is about the introduction of the working environment of the McDonalds. McDonalds working environment: Figure no.3.a.1 McDonalds Working Culture: McDonalds offers different kind of work and position to its each and every employee. The following positions are given to the employers by the McDonalds. 1) Main Manager: The manager has to run the company and it is his responsibility to expand its business in the market and also to make the company more profitable. Manager decides about the increment of the employer, gives permission for leave and also about the strategy of the company. 2)Shift Manager: The Shift manager has to take care about a particular shift which is been given to him. He or She has to look after man force and food .One has to train the new employees as well. 3) Customer assistance: The customer assistance has to deal with customers about taking orders and solving their problems. 4) Crew member: The crew member has to deal with many activities like cleaning, preparing food, set up all the food items to the storage, changing menu daily, etc. Problems: McDonalds provides many facilities to their customers. It provides counter and drive-thru service to the customers. Even after good services to the customers there are some problems that McDonalds or the customers facing. Parking is the main problem for McDonalds. Customers have to wait sometimes if there is any queue in drive-thru. Managers in the McDonalds keep minimum man force. So when it gets busy, People working in it faces lots of workload. Kitchen area in it is very small. They take maximum work in minimum wages and they do not provide extra wages on holidays. So employees feel exploited sometimes. Minimum Chances for promotion. Though there are some problems there are chances for improvement. So in my opinion here are some points which might be useful as sources for improvement. Customer reviews should be analysed on regular basis. They should provide extra space for parking. They should learn lessons from the past. Rewarding system should be improved. They should also consider the complaints of employees and stakeholders and must try to resolve them. Open suggestion meeting or sort of suggestion box should be there and after regular time period they should go through all the suggestions and accept those who are useful. Task 19.3.b: Recommend improvements which align with the organisations objectives and goals and which result in a reduction in the variation between what customers and other stakeholders want and what products, processes and services deliver. Shareholders: Ø Shareholders have invested in McDonalds to increase the value of their investment. So if McDonalds does not give them profit, they could take their money back from company or remove their financial support. They can sell their part of shares or properties held in the company. Customers: Ø Customers can invest in the company by buying the product of that company. So if they are dissatisfied with their product they can ask for refund or can go anywhere else where the same product is present from the next time. Even more than that they could influence their other customers by word of mouth. In my opinion there are some points that I want to discuss that might be acceptable. They should provide good wages to their employees as per level of experience and qualification. For the progress of McDonalds every employee must be keep in mind that they have to work better to get more customers satisfied. Every employee should work in a team so each one contributes into progress of the company. They should also provide some funds to their different franchises as required so they can also give their contribution into reaching companys overall goal. Any appropriate suggestion from any stakeholder should be considered seriously and should be discussed in a meeting. Working environment should be warm and friendly that every employee would feel like a family. It gives more mental support to them. Product development with minimum cost and resources will increase profit for investors and provide good value for money to consumers. Operationally efficient organisations examine and improve processes, always in the context of what they are seeking to achieve for their customers and stakeholders. Company should achieve all its goals within time frame with optimum utilization of resources to attract more shareholders to invest their money. Managers in the company should focus on short term profit than long term growth to avoid risk involved in it. However, as observed by Post, Preston, and Sachs: Organizational wealth can be created (or destroyed) through relationships with stakeholders of all kind resource providers, customers and suppliers, social and political actors. Therefore, effective stakeholder management that is, managing relationships with stakeholders for mutual benefit is a critical requirement for corporate success. Task 19.3.c Evaluate the wider implication of proposed change within the organization. In todays workspace the change has become modus operandi to success. Now the rate of change in business prospectuses is accelerate more than ever. Accepting of Change can be rated easy to difficult. Change can be related with marketing, finance, production. Here are some principles that use to develop business pattern. Challenge yourself: One should try new things if it is possible each day. In short you should start adopting new things as they come. Practice constructive discontent: one should think about himself and the organization that how could I improve? How could my organization improve? Having attitude of thinking different way is always helpful. So for better change one should work integrally. Be adventures: Always challenge the challenge. Try to create new ideas and try to adopt them. Let other try it and also involve them in it. Set high targets and make all your efforts to get it. Always be open to suggestions: one should take suggestions and feedback from the members whose working in the organization as well as from customers. Change always takes time so contributing into the process will decrease the time for improvement. Be patience: Change in any process may take time, so one should learn to wait things to get happened. The change has to be process with its proper way and it needs to be time for work in organizational manner. Ø These are the steps forchanges within the McDonald. McDonald should give their franchise at low price to small countries considering low profit in the mind. McDonald should increase its franchise restaurants to earn more profit. McDonald should provide garden for sitting facility. There should be a specific person who handles the stock at store. There should be an internet facility or Wi-Fi facility and children play station. McDonald should start its free home delivery facility. Open suggestion box should be there so that exchanging idea can make organization better. Space is the major problem for McDonalds. So they should spend some more money on that and by doing this they can increase their asset. But from that work load for employees will be increased. Task 19.3.d Develop the implementation plan and evaluate the results expected after the implementations of your approved solution from third question. Momentous organizational change occurs, for example, when an organization changes its overall policy for success, adds or removes a major section or practice, and/or wants to change the very nature by which it operates. For organizations to develop, they often must undergo significant change at various points in their development. Now in this case from the third question answer we can conclude some following point to develop the implementation plan. In terms of company franchises, they can not give franchises to all small country but they can give by considering some criteria, they have to focus on community and culture, apart form this they can change some verity of product to cover the more customer. Macdonalds have some own policy about their store but they need to change their policy while they give franchises in small countries. If we talk about generating revenue, this is the main goal of every organization but, profit is not only a main aim hear for McDonalds. By increasing franchises they can make more profit but they have to keep quality and expenses in mind. MacDonalds can make more profit not giving more franchises but they can make cost cutting to increase the profit. In MacDonalds they have huge customer rush on week ends and some occasion, at that time customer faces the sitting problem so to cope up with this problem, they can arrange some facilities for waiting customer, moreover, they have to keep for extra berth facilities so they can arrange more sitting when required. The garden facilities can be very expensive to hire that much space in city area so this concept can be worst. Stoke taking is the important function of organization to know the real trading of the business. In MacDonalds to taking their stoke they can use some software like., SAP,ERP all these software have wide features which can take automatic stoke taking and order processing, they can also link their shop with main delivery shop to order the product by auto reminder facilities. Apart from this send all stoke data to head office from one country to another country any time and any day. Implement plans: after making proper changes, it is very important to do implementation. Management have to make proper planning about how to implement the system properly. In McDonalds while implementing the change, everyone should know their role and also they should know what is going on in the organization. Managing the work force and reaction of people is also part of the plan. Following are the advantages and disadvantages of McDonalds operation Management. Advantages: At least 21.5% of all franchises sales and profit goes to the company which are with McDonalds. 12% for rent of the restaurant and brand name, 5% for use of the McDonalds system (consultants, workers inside the corporation) and 4.5 % for the national marketing spend. So profit will increase. Gardens will be used by customers if there is a long queue or waiting for the food. Children can play in the children play area without disturbing the other customers. Stoke manager will keep eye on stock so no food would be wasted. Everyone could access the internet facility by Wi-Fi in the restaurant. Medium class people can also afford their food on daily basis. People can order the food at home. Disadvantages: Shortage of staff for home delivery They have to spend extra money for space for garden and its maintenance. Area of restaurant should increase for child area. References: Information about McDonalds www.aboutmcdonald.com www.mcdonald.co.uk www.bized.com/company Ø information for improvement can be found in Bradach, J. (1998), Franchise Organizations, Harvard Business Press, Boston, MA Ø Information on stakeholders can be found on Jones, G. R. (2007). Organizational Theory, Design, and Change (5th ed.), Lesson Plan of Chapter 2 New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. Ø Info on implementation of change can be found on www.authenticityconsulting.com , Authenticity Consulting, LLC Ø Information about successful organizational change can be found on http://www.knowhownonprofit.org/leadership/change/fivesteps

Cosmic Creations Myths Across Culture Essay

Many Christians have a very vague idea about the collection of the Old- Testament. The Old-Testament books are stories of the most famous myths. The Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) is a book of Hebrew text, assemble by Jewish scholars of the seventh to tenth centuries A. D. It also contains two stories of creation. In addition, the book of Genesis is known as the book of creation of humankind. The book is also believes to be written during the reign of King Solomon and known as possessing two authors. The first story of creation states that, â€Å"In the beginning God creates the heaven and the earth. Genesis 1:1 – 2:4, is the story of creation in six days and resting on the seventh. The emphasis of this story is the creation of order out of chaos. The second author speaks of the creator of humankind, â€Å"Yaweh. † This story focuses more on human temptation and punishment. The creator, Yahweh made the heavens and the earth. It is said that Yahweh took dust from the moist land and shapes it into the shape of man. He breathes the breath of life into man and he comes to life. Yahweh is the creator of all things from the Garden of Eden, to the rivers that flow from the four corners of the world. He is also the creator of the Garden of Eden, the tree of life, and the tree knowledge of good/evil. One day after watching man, he decides that man should have a help-mate. He causes man to fall into a deep sleep and remove one of his ribs, creating woman. The man was Adam (earth or clay) and the woman name was Eve (life). The myth goes on to state how Adam and Eve eats the apple from the tree of knowledge after the serpent deceives them. In addition, eating the apple opens their eyes to the knowledge of good and evil. They are then ban from the Garden of Eden. Yahweh curses the serpent, Adam, and Eve. He places a half-human, half-lion creature with wings at the gates to keep them out. The emphasis of this story, generally agrees to be the older story of the two, is on the development of the problem of evil and what its origins are. Another recognizes the division of the two accounts; the first gives details accountable for the whole creation whereas the second one is focuses on the creation of man. The world consists of many myths like the universal flood. The universal flood, from the book Genesis: Chapter six-eight, is a world- wide historical myth. The Book of Genesis, believe to be written by Moses, is an interesting myth. The Old-Testament states that the earths receives rain for 40 days and 40 night to exterminate all of mankind. Liberal Christians believe the legendary Noah’s flood is just a spiritual myth. However, the Conservative Christians, believe the book of Genesis was written by Moses under the inspiration of God. Interpretations of the ark, plays an important role in early Christian doctrine. They believe the worldwide flood happens just as Moses records it. That God gives Noah instructions for building the ark: it is to be of gopher wood with the inside and out with pitch. There were three decks, one door (in the side) and a window 18 inches high probably running around the top of the vessel under the roof. It was about 450-feet, long by 75-feet in beam, and 45- high. The creation of the ark is to protect those who would reproduce the earth. The supernatural myth is that all humans and animals will be extent, except for those who made it to safety on the ark: two or seven animals of each â€Å"kind,† and Noah, his wife, and family. The universal flood was the largest genocide in history, involving the extermination of all almost every man, woman, youth, child, infant, and newborn. Christians believe God intentionally triggers the physical processes that would lead to the extermination of all of the land animals and all but eight humans in the flood because of humanity’s sinful behavior. Typically liberal Christians of the Old-Testament, Noachian, Babylonian, and hundreds of other believe a myth. There are many links in some ways of the Old-Testament and the Babylonians historic flood. There is no source of sufficient water to produce a worldwide flood that covered the highest mountains. Even if it did happen, there is no place to which the flood waters could subside. Genesis was written over an interval of many centuries by at least five author/editors. The universal flood story was derives from an earlier Babylonian myth by two of these authors. The Genesis flood myth is obviously base on an earlier Babylonian myth; there are many correspondences between the two legends. The Babylonian myth appears as an earlier legend that in turn, bases memories of the Black Sea catastrophe. The â€Å"Epic of Creation,† of the Babylonian, also known as Enuma Elish, dates to the second millennium B. C. Before anything had a name there was Aspu (sweet water) and Tiamet (salt –water). With the creation between the two they begot Lahmu and Lahamu. With the joining of the gods create Ansha, Kishar, and Anu. As the creation proceeds through generations, there is creation of Ea and his brothers. Ea and his brothers cause disruptions and Aspu becomes furious. He plots with gods of the first generation to slew Ea and his brothers. However, Ea hears of the plot and kills Aspu first. Tiamet hearing of her husband death sends out an army of creatures she creates. She creates the Kingu, a leader for the creatures, to avenge Aspu death. Ea, however; has a plan of his own. The myth states that Ea and Damkina create Marduk (Assur) to defend divine beings from the attack of Tiamet, the ocean goddess. Marduk propositions the gods and ensures their safety only if he becomes their supreme leader and forever. The gods agree that he would be their leader even after the treats pass. After agreeing to the terms Marduk slew Tiamet by ripping her body into two halves. These two halves became the earth and the sky. After the death of Tiamet the gods and Marduk in agreement and the creation of Babylon begin. Marduk creates the planets, stars, coordinate the moon, sun, and the -whether. In addition, Marduk becomes the sun. He decides to relieve the gods of external labor by creating mankind. It is said he creates bones (from the monsters he slew), cover them with flesh and breaths the breath of life forever freeing gods work. In conclusion, many parallels with the Genesis, accounts for that some historians concluding that Genesis account was simply a rewriting of the Babylonian story. As a reaction, many who wants to maintain the uniqueness of the Bible, argues either that there is no real parallels between the two accounts or that the Genesis narratives are written first and the Babylonian myth copies the biblical account.

The At Will Doctrine Is A Rule Of Contract Law - 939 Words

The at-will doctrine is a rule of contract law. The rule sets the standard that an employee can quit/resign their position at any time and an employer can terminate an employee at any time and for any non-discretionary reason. Because the at-will doctrine is a contract rule, both the employer and employee are free and able to change it by agreement. However, if their agreement is silent on the question of how the employee can be terminated, then the employee can be discharged without warning, without a discussion, and for any non-discretionary reason. Under the at-will doctrine, employment that is described as permanent does not mean that it will last forever. It means only that the job is not temporary or not seasonal. The employer can discharge the employee at any time and for any reason. The employer does have the option to terminate the employee for reasons that may even seem quite ridiculous and is not obligated to tell the employee the reason for termination; for example, because the employee asked for a day off. Under at-will employment, the employer is not required to give an employee any advance notice at all. The employer can also discharge the employee without offering the employee any chance to explain their side of the story. Every state has a different approach to and interpretation of at-will employment, so the law will be different from one state to the next. Because the at-will doctrine provides an employee no job protection at all, it isShow MoreRelatedThe Doctrine of Frustration Essay examples945 Words   |  4 PagesThe old common law had a doctrine of absolute contract under which contractual obligations were binding no matter what might occur (Paradine v Jane, 1647). 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The rule was partly dictated by practical necessity - persons contracting with a company were not expected to spend their time checking that any required resolutions had properly been passed, at meetings that had been correctly

Business Success Bridget Leon, A Top Manager Of Pollo...

Businesses are all important because it is what brings the country s economy. Businesses bring profits and revenues, but the most important is that they help determine the overall growth of the nation. Even if we don’t acknowledge, we are all tied and contribute to a business growth such as students contributing to the profit of Starbucks, subway, UCR dining, etc., Overall in some way or another we contribute to a business success. On February 14, I interview Bridget Leon, a Top manager of Pollo Campero inc. that is a Guatemalan international restaurant that was established in 1971. Bridget s has been working for Pollo Campero for 3 years and was promoted to be a top manager of the main Los Angeles Pollo Campero restaurant her main duty is to maintain the restaurant to run effectively and making the store operation decisions. Personality When I began with the interview I saw and felt Bridget as a very humble women. I realized her personality trait with a leadership model and adaptability; she is extraverted, agreeable, and conscientious, with emotional stability and openness to experience. Her leadership model is strong, she has demonstrated through her promotions. Leadership is a crucial attitude a top manager must have because it leads to the result of providing efficient direction and motivating and inspiring the employees to be efficient. Bridget is a manager who is approachable, her cooperative, warm, and agreeable personality contages the employees. Employees enjoy

Henry A. Murray Personology - 1969 Words

Henry A. Murray: Personology Personology is the science of people. It is used to interpret and organize the lives of humans. The central ideas of the science must be to understanding of what we mean by the concept person, and for development of methods of understanding the lives of persons as the long unit for psychology (Barresi Juckes 1988 pg 1). It is important to take accounts when studying personology from first person perspective instead of a third person perspective. Henry A. Murray believed that personality psychology had to deal with the life course of person and came up with the word personology (Barresi Juckes 1988). He developed the phrase because he felt that personality psychology was an unwieldy phrase.†¦show more content†¦It has a selfish instinct, an acceptable instinct such as a need for love, achievement, and to be nurtured, and tension reduction is pleasurable. The Ego has defensive functions. It also has promoted expressions of acceptable impulses. Some of the ego functioning ca n be conflict free. The Superego has more emphasis on the Ego-Ideal. The natural tendency of the superego is to get the maximum gratification with minimum anxiety and guilt (Henry Murray: Personology). According to Murray there are two types of Needs: Viscerogenic (internal source) and Psychogenic needs (external source or press).Needs are arranged according to their hierarchy of strength. The strongest of the needs are called Prepotent needs. If needed needs will combine to achieve the same goal. Needs can conflict with one another. According to Murray needs are based on internal influences on behavior. External behaviors are called press. There is an Alpha press and a Beta press. The Alpha Press is the objective characteristic of an object in that environment in comparison with Beta press which is a persons evaluation and perception of that object. Viscerogenic needs include lacks(leading to intakes), Inspiration(of oxygen), food, water, sex lactation, expiration, urination, defecation, sentience(sensuous impressions), distensions(leading to outputs), harms(leading to retractions), noxavoidance, heat and cold avoidance, and harmShow MoreRelatedEssay on Henry A. Murray: Persono logy1888 Words   |  8 Pages Henry A. Murray: Personology nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Personology is the science of people. It is used to interpret and organize the lives of humans. The central ideas of the science must be to â€Å"understanding of what we mean by the concept â€Å"person,† and for development of methods of understanding the lives of persons as the â€Å"long unit for psychology†Ã¢â‚¬  (Barresi amp; Juckes 1988 pg 1). It is important to take accounts when studying personology from first person perspective instead of a thirdRead MoreMaslows and Murrays theories1064 Words   |  5 Pageselement cannot be separated from its system in order to study it. Two of the organismic theorists have developed theories to understand humans’ psychological developments through their needs: Abraham Maslow, with his hierarchy of needs theory; and Henry Murray, and his psychogenic needs theory. They both focused on developing their theories to understand human personality and its development. However dissimilarities are fo und between the two theories, they both share the concept of having steps of developmentsRead MoreEssay about Comparison and Contrast of Maslow and Murray1912 Words   |  8 PagesOrganismic theorists Abraham Maslow and Henry Murray tried to define the psychological developmental growth of humans via their theories of Hierarchy of Needs and Psychogenic Needs, respectively. Although each personality theorist’s idea attempts to define human psychological development there are quite a few dissimilarities between the two concepts; however, as much dissimilarity that may exist between the hierarchy of needs and psychogenic needs, both Maslow and Murray endeavored towards the same goal:Read MorePsychology : Your Super Ego 1092 Words   |  5 PagesConscientiousness is linked to higher GPA, religious faith, quality friendships, and dressing neatly. A recent study showed that more conscientious adolescents to experience stress. Personology and life story perspectives believe that in order to understand a person we must focus on their whole life story. Henry Murray believed that we must study the whole person in order to understand them. He believed we all have unique life experiences that make up our identities. The social cognitive perspective

Petrol Retail Sector Free Essays

string(40) " only react to the market fluctuations\." Abstract The oil industry is a very important part or sector of the world economy and should be developed and taken care of in an appropriate manner. It is certainly one retail sector that has had considerable changes and development in its core business. The industry has continually gained popularity and attracted a lot of interest, which has consequently contributed greatly to the development of economies of the countries that deal in it. We will write a custom essay sample on Petrol Retail Sector or any similar topic only for you Order Now This paper gives the macro-environmental analysis and the market research of the oil industry by utilizing the PESTEL model. However, it is the responsibility of the government to ensure that it creates a favorable environment for the smooth operation of the industry. Introduction The petrol retail sector is certainly one retail sector that has had considerable changes and development in its core business. In recent years, the petroleum industry has attracted a lot of interest. This is an industry that contributes greatly to the development of economies of the countries that deal in it (Fleig, 2005, p89). In the past decade, increases in the price of the commodity brought about a big challenge for the retailers of service stations to run lucrative, sustainable and practical businesses, as the increase in the prices resulted to negative impacts on the volume of sales. The industry’s new entrants and new competition presented by some other retail businesses made changes in the industry necessary. The industry of petroleum has seen the introduction of new businesses at the service stations for the purposes of generating income for the business so as to ensure that there is viability and productivity (Sobel 2008, p42). The propagation of service stations, c ontrolled margins of retailer on volume performance and petrol has all brought concern regarding the individual service station’s survival. The economical effects of the fluctuations in the price crude oil have ultimately affected the retailers as well as motorists. The United Kingdom’s price of petrol depends exclusively on the conditions of the international market. This industry is faced with various challenges and changes. The future uncertainty and unpredictability of the exhaustible resources’ supply, such as crude oil influences the price of the crude oil that the global market experiences (Bushell and Stan 2009, p71). Therefore, the demand for energy puts more pressure on the price as the global economy grows faster. The uncertainty about whether the deregulation of the industry of liquid fuel brings a new dimension to the future of the industry. Some of the giant retailers in the industry include Total, the Royal Dutch Shell, ConocoPhilips and Chevron. This paper is going to look at the risk factors associated with the supply of crude oil derivatives like petrol to the West Dulwich shell filling st ation in London. PESTEL Analysis PESTEL analysis, which stands for Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal, is a description of a framework of the macro-environmental factors that are used in the component of environmental scanning of the strategic management. It is part of the analysis of the external environment when carrying out a market research or doing a strategic analysis, and offers an insight into the various macro-environmental factors that should be taken into account by the organization or company (Fleig 2005, p44) It is a fundamental strategic tool that helps in the understanding of the decline or growth of the market, the position of business and operations direction. The increasing significance of ecological or environmental factors in the initial or early years of the twenty first century have introduced green businesses and facilitated extensive use of an up-to-date version of the framework of the model. The following is the PESTEL analysis of the supply of crude oil de rivatives like petrol to the West Dulwich shell filling station in London: Political effects Crude is among the most needed commodities allover the world. Any amount of change in the price of crude oil can lead to both direct and indirect impact on its derivatives, and consequently on the countries’ economy. The OPEC countries are the principal producers of the crude oil that is used worldwide. Therefore, it means that any policy that is made by the organization or some countries within the organization regarding the prices of crude oil will greatly affect the supply of petrol and diesel to the service station (Sobel, 2008, p.34). Any decision taken by the countries within the organization, for instance raising or reducing the prices of crude oil may definitely affect the level of price of the petrol and diesel in the global community markets. Political stability within the countries that produce crude oil is also essential to its availability and also influences its prices to a great deal. For instance, a lot of the crude oil is produced by the countries in the Middle East, and if there is conflict in the region, the drilling of oil will be affected. Lack of political stability such as war or terrorism in the Greenwich region, and even pirates might make it difficult for the products to reach the petrol station due to fear by the suppliers, or even damage to the tankers. Economic effects Demand and supply is balanced by the global oil inventories. If the production of crude oil exceeds its demand, the surplus product can be kept. When the consumption is higher than the demand for the product, then inventories can be tapped so as to be in a position of meeting the rise in demand, and the connection between the prices of oil and the inventories of oil enables correction in both directions (Risk Analysis in Oil Refining Sector, 2008). The supply of crude oil by countries that are not members of OPEC stands at sixty percent of the total oil produced in the world. However, even though their supply is fifty percent more that that of the OPEC community, they do not have adequate reserves to enable them control the prices in the market and can only react to the market fluctuations. You read "Petrol Retail Sector" in category "Essay examples" On the other hand, the OPEC community has the ability of directly influencing the price of crude oil in the market. This is particularl y when the supply of the oil that is produced by the countries that are not members of the community goes down. When the demand for petrol and diesel is high in the Greenwhich region, there will be scramble for available oil thus reducing the supply. This problem can be solved by building adequate reserves for storing the product so that the supply to clients can remain steady when the supply from the source reduces. The cost of production is also another important factor in determining the price of oil within the global market. If the cost of extracting oil and its eventual refining is too high, it means that the prices will also go high, but if it does not cost much to produce it, the prices will go down significantly. It also requires a lot of finances and resources to discover more oil locations and to develop as well as maintain them. If the funds and resources are available, there would be more discoveries of oil production sites and the quantity produces and supplied to the final consumer will be large (Simmons, 2005, p.23). If there are no funds together with the resources to enable expansion of the production, the supply will go down and the prices will rise, thus making it difficult for the service station to acquire it. The brokers of oil servers the link between sellers and buyers of the product, and do contract trading for future oil delivery referred to as ‘futures.’ Consumers buy futures for hedging against the increases in the prices of oil that could considerably impact their profitability. Producers of oil sell the contracts of oil futures so as to lock in a price for a particular period and the brokers buy oil futures to give promise of future delivery of the product as a given price. This implies that the oil brokers play a significant role in determining the price of oil in the global market because they are the link between the buyers and the sellers (Anderson and Marhadour, 2007, p.102). Social effects Human populations in the region can also affect the supply because the demand will be high. The population in the Greenwich region is too high and the demand for petrol and diesel may raise, hence the supply decreasing (Fleig, 2005, p.65). Frequent strikes by the tanker drives may also affect the supply because there will be no one to bring the products to the service station. The need to observe laws such us the employment of high qualified, and not to employ underage drivers, but who may be qualified may lead to lack of enough drivers to do the work of transportation. The law also sets a minimum wage for the workers and this would affect the supply of petrol and diesel because there might not be enough funds to employ many drivers to transport the products. Technological effects The world of today depends almost exclusively on technology, and exercises such as the drilling of oil requires high levels of it. The equipment used for the process is very sophisticated as they are required to dig deep into the ground and fetch the oil. The oil companies also need to ensure that proper equipment are put in place to avoid things such a soil spillage which can be hazardous to the environment and also cause losses (Anderson and Marhadour, 2007, p.108). This equipment are very expensive and the oil companies are forced to use a lot of money to ensure that all the technological requirements are employed so that production can be enhances and risks reduced as much as possible. When all these production costs are factored in the whole process of production, the final price in the market becomes high. The need to have the latest technology at the service stations such as epos automation systems raises the cost of operation. Environmental effects In the few past years, the international community has experiences a number of events that have consequently had great influence on the prices of crude oil. Such events include the Hurricane Katrina and some other kinds of tropical cyclone that have struck a significant part of the globe. This resulted in the prices of oil going up by a very huge percentage, which makes it difficult to acquire it in large quantities. Excessive drilling of oil by some oil companies has led to the exhaustion of the sources as well as environmental degradation. This has led to some governments such as that of the United States of America and United Kingdom to prohibiting the exploration in some regions (Black, 2012, p.82). The major aim of these policies is to preserve the resources so as to ensure that there is continuity or sustainability. When these policies are put in place, the quantity of oil produced reduces, thus demand exceeding supply, which consequently forces the prices to go up. Nonetheless, these policies that are introduced by the governments, which aims at limiting the extraction of oil exerts a lot of pressure on the companies that produce oil to not only finding ways of increasing efficiency, but also finding alternative sources of fuel. These initiatives are very slow and difficult because of the considerable financing required energy and time that go into things like researching and production of such products. More so, when an alternative sources of energy is introduced into the market, there is a substantial time lag in which the designing and production of new products that are compatible is done (Beamish, 2006, p.88). It then can take even more time for the clients to know about the existence or availability of the products and be willing to make investments in them. Extreme weather conditions also affect the production of the crude oil. For instance, when there is a lot of rain, it becomes very difficult to access the sites of oil drilling. The machines that are used in the process of drilling oil might also be damaged by the unfavorable weather or their operation may just be affected. This makes it difficult for the crude oil to be produced in large quantities, thus forcing the prices to rise (Bushell, and Stan, 2009). Legal effects Different countries have different requirements for one to be allowed to start and operate a business. The same case applies to the ownership of a service station as well as the oil companies. If the requirements by the government are too strict, there will be a few suppliers in the market, and in turn the price of fuel will rise (Assilzadeh, and Yang, 2010, p.240). Conclusion The oil industry is a very important part or sector of the world economy that should be developed and taken care of in an appropriate manner. Problems such as strikes should be avoided by timely payment so that supply can remain steady. The company should invest in the latest technology that is related to the business to ensure fast delivery of petrol and diesel. Proper plans should also be put in place to ensure that the costs of production and operation of oil companies are reduces and the legal requirements made as flexible as possible. To avoid shortages in supply due to political factors, the company should not depend on a single source of supply, specifically from the OPEC countries. This problem can also help by ensuring that the Greenwich region is safe for any kind of business and the petrol station should also consider using oil pipelines as opposed to tankers. References (2008, 12). Risk Analysis in Oil Refining Sector. StudyMode.com. Retrieved 12, 2008, from http://www.studymode.com/essays/Risk-Analysis-In-Oil-Refining-Sector-185467.html Akkartal, A., and F. Sunar, 2008, ‘The usage of radar images in oil spill detection. The International Archives of the Photgrammetry.’ Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 37, no. Part B8: 271-76. Anderson, A, and Marhadour A, 2007, ‘Slick PRThe media politics of the Prestige oil spill.’ Science Communication 29, no. 1: 96-115. Assilzadeh, H, and Yang G, 2010, ‘Designation of an interactive oil spill management system.’ Disaster Prevention and Management 19, no. 2: 233-42. Beamish, T D, 2006, Silent Spill: The Organization of an Industrial Crisis. London: MIT Press. Black, B C, 2012, Crude Reality: Petroleum in World History. New York: Rowman Littlefield. Bushell, S, and Stan J, 2009, The Spill: Personal Stories from the Exxon Valdez Disaster. AK: Epicenter Press. Fleig, F, 2005, Oil Empire: Visions of Prosperity in Austrian Galicia (Harvard Historical Studies). Harvard University Press. Simmons, S, 2005, Twilight in the Desert The Coming Saudi Oil Shock and the World Economy, John Wiley Sons. Sobel R, 2008, The Money Manias: The Eras of Great Speculation in America, Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press (Rowman Littlefield). Yeomans, M, 2006, Oil: Anatomy of an Industry, New Press. How to cite Petrol Retail Sector, Essay examples

Brand Management Retailing in International Markets

Question: Discribe about the Brand Management for Retailing in International Markets. Answer: Introduction Brand strategy is a long-term strategy for developing a successful brand for achieving specific goals. A brand strategy of an organization helps in reinforcing positioning in the market (Lerman 2013). The aim of this report is to compare two global consumer brands of retail and technology categories. A general contrast and comparison is made between the two brands. The brand equity, cultural resonance and competitive strategy of both the brands are considered. The two organizations chosen for formulating a brand marketing strategy are Apple and Tesco. Apple was founded in the year 1976 as a major technological advancement (Lusted 2012). It is an American multinational corporation that designs and manufactures consumer electronics such as desktops, laptops, tablet, mobiles and various other gadgets (Lusted 2012). Tesco Plc is a British retail grocery and general merchandise retailer with a mission of helping the customers enjoy better quality of life. They help the shoppers everyday t o meet the needs of people and act responsibly for the communities (Tesco plc 2016). Brand Analysis Brand Equity According to the figures, the brand value of Apple in the year 2015 was $M 246,992 (Wpp.com 2015). The brand value changed 67% than the figures of 2014 (Wpp.com 2015). The home country, America had the biggest market for Apple (Popper 2015). However, according to the reports, Greater China showed a positive growth up to 71% in the year 2015 (Popper 2015). The Chinese New Year celebration led to rise in such figures in China (Popper 2015). The reports suggest that Tesco is UKs top retail store. However, according to the annual BrandZ index, Tescos brand value declined to $9.4 million in the year 2015 (Davidson 2015). Tesco is one of the biggest supermarkets in UK (Davidson 2015). Consumer Cultural Resonance According to perceptions and history, China has not been the friendliest country for American brands. Apple is selling its products at a greater price in China instead of cheaper. Chinese have a cost-conscious culture but they are making room for the unique Apple products due to its quality (Panzarino 2011). The lifestyle of Malaysians for shopping is ever growing. The tools of advertising are well advertised by the retailers. Therefore, the retailers intend to understand the needs of Malaysians and provide a unique shopping experience to the customers (Chan 2011). Brand Positioning Apple follows a single brand positioning as a luxury brand in the global market with one size fits all strategy (Hovivian 2014). It has tightly controlled narrative, metered supply and premium pricing makes it a premium brand globally (Frick and Berinato 2014). India is the worlds second large smartphone market in which Apple uses premium brand positioning. The one strategy fits all market model is applied in which the main challenge is to lock more consumers. There is a need to strengthen the distribution network in smaller cities. There is a delicate balance of premium branding with customer-friendly pricing (Rai 2013). Tesco is a brand for the consumers looking for value and who are greatly quality conscious. Tesco offers a wide range of products and attracts a specific customer segment. The organization also positions itself as price positioning by attracting specific target segments. Products sold via functional positioning are generally more expensive compared to Tescos basic range of products, since higher quality and enhanced functionality can only be achieved for additional costs (Perkins 2015). Competitive Strategy Apple follows premium pricing strategy and product differentiation. Apple uses minimum advertised price or MAP for prohibiting sellers to sell Apple products below a certain minimum price. In China, Apple follows cost innovation and product innovation for maintaining competition (Nielson 2014). According to Perkins (2015), Tesco does not have a material leg up on its peers. The competitors have a strong hold in the market. However, its loyalty programs are a significant advantage over other competitors. The convenient locations of the stores are add-ons. It runs campaigns for fresh and easy food that helps them in gaining advantage. PESTLE Analysis Apple Inc. Political Apple is mostly dependent in China for the manufacturing of lower cost materials (Sandoval 2015). However, there has been threat of restricting the imports in the US from China as a mark of an effort by the US Government to boost the manufacturing process within the country. Moreover, the cost of finding alternatives of the low cost Chinese products could be very high for the company. Thus, this political unrest could increase the cost of manufacturing within the country. Economic There has been evidence of the increase in the labor costs in China which could act as one of the threats for Apple that could take way the cost advance of some of the products of the company (David, Dorn and Hanson 2013). Moreover, the increment in the strength of the US Dollars in the market could increase in the exchange rates which in turn, could be more expensive for the company to conduct business in the Chinese market. Social The close association of the company with China could also offend the potential customers in the country if the tensions in the country rises (Liu and Berkowitz 2014). Moreover, the manufacturing of the products of Apple in China could give rise to ethical concerns which could limit appeal of the products of the company among the social conscious consumers. Technological With the rolling out of the Android play with the Apple play having the same capabilities, then signature services of Apple are found to be no longer unique such that the competitors of the company including Samsung and Google have stronger capabilities to duplicate the services and products of Apple (Rempel 2015). Environment One of the biggest issues that the company has been facing is the environmental issue related to the disposal of the non working or used electronic devices (Cole 2015). Moreover, the pollution and the related environment side effects are also the main concerns is the manufacturing facilities in China. This situation could lead to higher manufacturing costs and increased regulation for Apple at the near future. Legal Apple is dependent on a wide variety of products for much of its income including music and software which are governed by the intellectual property laws. Moreover, its financial service sector, Apple Pay is highly regulated and thus, entering into the Chinese market could increase the insurance, regulatory and litigation costs for the company in the long run (Liu, Kauffman and Ma 2015). Tesco Plc Political Tesco is operating in a globalized platform where the business performs of the company has been highly influenced by the legislative and political conditions of the countries in which it is operating including Malaysia and other EU countries (Alexander 2013). The government of the countries has been encouraging the retailers for providing job opportunities in order to meet the demand from the population inclined the students, senior citizens and working individuals. Economic The economic factor is one of the major concerns for the company as it is most likely to influence the demand, profits, costs and prices for the company. The developing countries like Malaysia have been experiencing the high un-employability which is decreasing the demand of the various products or goods and has been adversely affecting the demand of the same in the market (Awang et al. 2015). Social The current trends indicate that the customers are preferring bulk shopping and one stop purchasing owing to a variety of social changes (Fernie 2013). As the population in Malaysia is aging rapidly, the decline in the home meal preparation and the increase in the female workers have lead the company to focus on the supply chain, share of business mix and other operational improvements for driving the costs out of the business. Technological One of the major macro-environment variables for the company is the technology that has been influencing the development of its products. In order to make the shopping experience more soothing for its customers, the company has been utilizing the latest technology wireless devices, self check out machine, intelligent scale, electronic shelf labelling and Radio frequency identification (Chapagain and Ahokangas 2015). Environment The company has been pressing emphasis on the global warming and the related consequences being associated with it. With the average temperature around the globe being increasing exponentially, the company needs to emphasize on an eco-friendly business practices which could lead it to higher environmental sustainability (O'Neill and Smith 2014). Thus, in order to implement the same, the company has been implementing various measures with the main objective to protect the environment. Legal As the company markets a wide variety of predicts and services, there are a number of laws governing the business processes of the company. According to the FRC (Food Retailing Commission), the company should be implementing a code of practice including the banning of the current practices such as changing agreed prices, demanding payments from the suppliers as well (Ward, A.M., Judith and Hamill 2013). The company has also been offering price reduction on fuel purchases such that to implement the politically correct pricing policies in the countries like Malaysia. Brand Strategy and Recommendations Certain factors reduce the performance of Apple. There is aggressive competition in the market. Apple needs to have strong fundamentals for retaining its position in the market. The local and regional firms imitate Apples products that could be a threat to the product design. The rising cost in China can reduce the profit margins and increase costs. Apple has a significant opportunity for its distribution of network. An expanded strategy can help in reaching more customers in the same time. Apple can consider exploring new product lines that can lead to their success. Developing new product lines can lead to company success despite aggressive competition. Apple can consider introducing new product lines and quality for the middle class consumers who prefer low priced goods. Apple currently targets only the premium segment consumers. It can also extend its product lines for the economical customers. Be obsessed with the user experience. The company must make the product look good inside and out (in design conception, this can mean starting with the look feel). The user experience needs a healthy combination between aesthetics and functionality. Apple does not use promotional programs for advertising. It should use programs that can help in differentiating its products from others while maintaining premium prices. Apple can also enhance its reach through direct stores. Tesco can consider expanding its retail stores by opening convenience stores. These stores can be opened at every few kilometres. Tesco can set up and invest small stores and online sales stores. Each convenience store can be opened with a wide selection of items that would offer ease and convenience to the consumers. The convenience stores can help in overtaking the supermarket concept. Tesco can gain customer loyalty and increase its sales. Tesco can focus on non-food products to hold a dominant position on the market. Tesco can also encourage online shopping to shift according to the consumer tastes and preferences. Tesco makes sure that it satisfies all the requirements and prospects of its customers. Conclusion Conclusively, Apple and Tesco must plan strategies for efficient branding. The lifestyle of Malaysians for shopping is ever growing. Tesco Plc is a British retail grocery and general merchandise retailer with a mission of helping the customers enjoy better quality of life. The tools of advertising are well advertised by the retailers. Apple follows one strategy fits all market model in which the main challenge is to lock more consumers. Tesco is a brand for the consumers looking for value and who are greatly quality conscious. Apple is mostly dependent in China for the manufacturing of lower cost materials. The close association of the company with China could also offend the potential customers in the country if the tension in the country rises. One of the biggest issues that the company has been facing is the environmental issue related to the disposal of the non working or used electronic devices. Apple can consider introducing new product lines and quality for the middle class co nsumers who prefer low priced goods. Tesco can set up and invest small stores and online sales stores. Tesco makes sure that it satisfies all the requirements and prospects of its customers. References Alexander, N., 2013. Retailing in international markets, 19002010: A response to Godley and Hang's Globalisation and the evolution of international retailing: A comment on Alexander's British overseas retailing, 19001960. Business History, 55(2), pp.302-312. Awang-Hashim, R., Lim, H.E., Yatim, B., TENGKU ARIFFIN, T.F., Zubairi, A.M., Yon, H. and Osman, O., 2015. Estimating A Prediction Model For The Early Identification Of Low Employability Graduates In Malaysia. The Singapore Economic Review, 60(04), p.1550027. Chan, R., 2011.Mall Culture and Identity in Malaysia - The Socjourn. [online] The Socjourn. Available at: https://www.sociology.org/mall-culture-identity-malaysia/ [Accessed 4 Jul. 2016]. Chapagain, B. and Ahokangas, P., 2015. RETAIL BUSINESS MODEL TRANSFORMATION IN MULTICHANNEL ENVIRONMENT. Cole, N.L., 2015. 19 Tracing the Environmental Impact of Apple. Media Education for a Digital Generation, p.261. David, H., Dorn, D. and Hanson, G.H., 2013. 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